Introduction
Methods
Patients
Controls
Clinical and fall-risk assessment
Imaging
Voxel-based morphometry (VBM)
Surface-based analyses (SBM)
Statistical analysis
Group comparison and commonalities of cerebellar degeneration
Association of clinical deficits with chronic cerebellar degeneration
Correction for multiple comparisons
Clinical variables of interest
Patient consent and data availability
Results
Demographic and clinical data
Group | SAOA | SCA | DBN | HC | All | ANOVA F(3;47) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic | |||||||
n (f/m) | 7 (3/4) | 9 (5/4) | 14 (10/4) | 21 (13/8) | 51 (31/20) | ||
Age (years; mean ± SD) | 59 ± 13 | 40 ± 17* | 65 ± 11* | 58 ± 21*,** | 57 ± 19 | 4.3 | 0.010 |
Group | SAOA | SCA | DBN | All | ANOVA F(2;29) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical characteristics | ||||||
First symptoms | ||||||
Gait disorder (%) | 100 | 100 | 29 | 76.3 | ||
Balance disorder (%) | 43 | 11 | 14 | 22.7 | ||
Ocular–motor/double vision (%) | 14 | 0 | 43 | 19 | ||
Vertigo (%) | 29 | 22 | 79 | 43.3 | ||
Speech disorder (%) | 14 | 33 | 0 | 15.7 | ||
Ataxia (%) | 29 | 44 | 0 | 24.3 | ||
Falls at disease onset (n) | 71 | 89 | 29 | 63 | ||
Disease duration (years; median, IQR) | 6 ± 6 | 5 ± 6 | 6 ± 6 | 6 ± 5 | ||
MOCA score (median, IQR) | 26 ± 4 | 27 ± 4 | 27 ± 3 | 26 ± 3 | ||
SARA score (mean ± SD) | 11 ± 4* | 10 ± 6* | 5 ± 3* | 8 ± 5 | 6.1 | 0.006 |
FES-I score (mean ± SD) | 37 ± 12 | 31 ± 10 | 28 ± 7 | 31 ± 10 | 2 | n.s |
Preferred gait velocity (m/s; mean ± SD) | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.8 | n.s |
SVV tilts (°, mean ± SD) | 2.9 ± 2.9 | 2.2 ± 1.9 | 1.9 ± 1.4 | 2.2 ± 2.0 | 0.6 | n.s |
Partial correlations
Symptom duration | SARA | MoCA | SVV tilt | preferred walking speed | FES-I | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Symptom duration | ||||||
r | 1.000 | − 0.006 | 0.086 | − 0.249 | − 0.050 | 0.073 |
p | 0.976 | 0.664 | 0.201 | 0.799 | 0.711 | |
SARA | ||||||
r | − 0.006 | 1.000 | − 0.500 | 0.335 | − 0.469 | 0.646 |
p | 0.976 | 0.007 | 0.081 | 0.012 | < 0.0001 | |
MoCA | ||||||
r | 0.086 | − 0.500 | 1.000 | − 0.117 | 0.595 | − 0.277 |
p | 0.664 | 0.007 | 0.554 | 0.001 | 0.154 | |
SVV tilt | ||||||
r | − 0.249 | 0.335 | − 0.117 | 1.000 | 0.130 | 0.311 |
p | 0.201 | 0.081 | 0.554 | 0.510 | 0.108 | |
Preferred walking speed | ||||||
r | − 0.050 | − 0.469 | 0.595 | 0.130 | 1.000 | − 0.225 |
p | 0.799 | 0.012 | 0.001 | 0.510 | 0.249 | |
FES-I | ||||||
r | 0.073 | 0.646 | − 0.277 | 0.311 | − 0.225 | 1.000 |
p | 0.711 | < 0.001 | 0.154 | 0.108 | 0.249 |