Introduction
Materials and methods
Study designs
Sample collections
Severity and endotype classification
Statistical analysis
Study approval
Results
Septic and non-septic cohorts
Variable | At enrollment | p valueb | |
---|---|---|---|
Septic (N = 377)a | Non-septic (N = 145)a | ||
Age (yr) | 58.9 (15.4) | 57.4 (19.4) | 0.39 |
Male | 202 (53.6%) | 92 (63.5%) | 0.04 |
Race | |||
African American | 38 (10.1%) | 10 (7%) | 0.02 |
Asian | 2 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | |
Other | 2 (0.5%) | 6 (4.2%) | |
White | 333 (88.8%) | 127 (88.8%) | |
Missing | 2 | 2 | |
WBC (× 1000/mm3) | 17.9 (8.5) | 12.9 (5.5) | < 0.001 |
Missing | 1 | 6 | |
Neutrophils (%) | 80.7 (12.9) | 76.8 (15.3) | 0.12 |
Missing | 30 | 102 | |
Lymphocytes (%) | 5.1 (4) | 11.7 (8.1) | < 0.001 |
Missing | 30 | 102 | |
Lymphocytes (× 1000/mm3) | 0.8 (0.5) | 1.2 (0.8) | < 0.001 |
Missing | 30 | 102 | |
IL-6 (pg/mL)c | 738.6 (1807) | 148.7 (313.7) | < 0.001 |
Missing | 3 | 2 | |
SOFA Score | 6 (4) | 3 (3.2) | < 0.001 |
Missing | 3 | 0 | |
Charlson Comorbidity Index | 3.2 (2.7) | 2.7 (2.5) | 0.03 |
Missing | 2 | 1 |
Variable | Septic (N = 377)a | Non-septic (N = 145)a | p valueb |
---|---|---|---|
Secondary infection | 114 (30.2%) | 12 (8.3%) | < 0.001 |
CCI | 122 (32.4%) | 10 (6.9%) | < 0.001 |
Adverse outcome | 213 (56.7%) | 40 (27.8%) | < 0.001 |
Missing | 1 | 1 | |
Poor discharge disposition | 152 (40.4%) | 23 (16%) | < 0.001 |
Missing | 1 | 1 | |
In-hospital mortality | 28 (7.4%) | 3 (2.1%) | 0.02 |
30-day mortality | 38 (10.2%) | 6 (4.1%) | 0.03 |
Missing | 4 | 0 | |
90-day mortality | 61 (16.8%) | 8 (5.5%) | < 0.001 |
Missing | 13 | 0 | |
Endotype | < 0.001 | ||
Adaptive | 151 (40.1%) | 74 (51%) | |
Coagulopathic | 97 (25.7%) | 48 (33.1%) | |
Inflammopathic | 129 (34.2%) | 23 (15.9%) | |
IMX-SEV severity risk band | < 0.001 | ||
Low | 38 (10.1%) | 16 (11%) | |
Moderate | 250 (66.3%) | 124 (85.5%) | |
High | 89 (23.6%) | 5 (3.5%) |
Endotype distributions and outcomes
Variable | Septic (N = 377) | Non-septic (N = 145) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adaptive (N = 151)a | Coagulopathic (N = 97)a | Inflammopathic (N = 129)a | p valueb | Adaptive (N = 74)a | Coagulopathic (N = 48)a | Inflammopathic (N = 23)a | p valueb | |
Secondary infection | 30 (19.9%) | 36 (37.1%) | 48 (37.2%) | < 0.01 | 4 (5.4%) | 2 (4.2%) | 6 (26.1%) | < 0.01 |
CCI | 40 (26.5%) | 38 (39.2%) | 44 (34.1%) | 0.1 | 2 (2.7%) | 2 (4.2%) | 6 (26.1%) | < 0.01 |
Adverse outcome | 63 (41.7%) | 63 (65.6%) | 87 (67.4%) | < 0.001 | 18 (24.7%) | 10 (20.8%) | 12 (52.2%) | 0.02 |
Missing | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Poor discharge disposition | 49 (32.5%) | 42 (43.8%) | 61 (47.3%) | 0.03 | 12 (16.4%) | 7 (14.6%) | 4 (17.4%) | 0.95 |
Missing | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
In-hospital mortality | 7 (4.6%) | 6 (6.2%) | 15 (11.6%) | 0.07 | 2 (2.7%) | 1 (2.1%) | 0 (0%) | > 0.99 |
30-day mortality | 11 (7.4%) | 9 (9.5%) | 18 (14%) | 0.19 | 4 (5.4%) | 1 (2.1%) | 1 (4.4%) | 0.74 |
Missing | 2 | 2 | 0 | |||||
90-day mortality | 22 (15.2%) | 16 (17%) | 23 (18.4%) | 0.78 | 5 (6.8%) | 2 (4.2%) | 1 (4.4%) | 0.89 |
Missing | 6 | 3 | 4 | |||||
IMX-SEV severity risk band | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Low | 38 (25.2%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0.00%) | 15 (20.3%) | 1 (2.1%) | 0 (0%) | ||
Moderate | 113 (74.8%) | 72 (74.2%) | 65 (50.4%) | 59 (79.7%) | 47 (97.9%) | 18 (78.3%) | ||
High | 0 (0.0%) | 25 (25.8%) | 64 (49.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (21.7%) |
Endotype transitions
Variable | Endotype change | p valuee | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adaptive to adaptive (N = 60)a | Adaptive to I/C* (N = 24)b | I/C to adaptive (N = 38)c | I/C to I/C (N = 74)d | ||
In-hospital mortality | 0 (0%) | 2 (8.3%) | 1 (2.6%) | 3 (4.1%) | 0.15 |
30-day mortality | 1 (1.7%) | 4 (16.7%) | 2 (5.3%) | 7 (9.5%) | 0.06 |
90-day mortality | 2 (3.3%) | 5 (20.8%) | 3 (7.9%) | 9 (12.2%) | 0.07 |
CCI | 1 (1.7%) | 1 (4.2%) | 5 (13.2%) | 10 (13.5%) | 0.04 |
Poor discharge disposition | 7 (11.7%) | 7 (30.4%) | 8 (21.1%) | 16 (21.9%) | 0.2 |
Missing | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Total ICU LOS (days) | 2 (1, 4) | 6.5 (2, 8) | 4 (2, 8) | 5 (2, 11) | < 0.001 |
Missing | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |