Background
Subjects and method
Subjects
Method
Collection of general information
Measurement of skull shape and calculation of derived value
Test of infant motor performance
Grouping of subjects
Plagiocephaly(CVA) | Brachycephaly(CI) | Dolichocephaly(CI) | |
---|---|---|---|
Mild | 4–6.9 mm | 91–95% | 79–82% |
Moderate | 6.9-10 mm | 95–99% | 76–79% |
Severe | ≥ 10 mm | ≥ 99% | ≤ 76% |
Statistical analysis
Results
Patient characteristics
Month age | Normal | Plagiocephaly | Brachycephaly | Dolichocephaly | Brachy-plagiocephaly | Dolichol-plagiocephaly | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | Gender (male / female, n) | 43/41 | 39/32 | 5/8 | 74/71 | 15/11 | 30/20 |
Gestational age (weeks, X ± s) | 37.47 ± 2.34 | 36.50 ± 2.72* | 35.05 ± 3.68* | 37.86 ± 1.51 | 34.04 ± 3.45* | 37.40 ± 1.82 | |
Birth weight (kg, X ± s) | 2.88 ± 0.66 | 2.62 ± 0.73* | 2.29 ± 0.79* | 3.01 ± 0.53 | 2.25 ± 0.90* | 2.78 ± 0.68 | |
Birth mode (natural birth / cesarean section, n) | 37/47 | 38/33 | 9/4 | 64/81 | 12/14 | 26/24 | |
1 | Gender (male / female, n) | 85/92 | 92/80 | 15/17 | 132/158 | 27/15 | 63/46 |
Gestational age (weeks, X ± s) | 38.95 ± 2.06 | 38.40 ± 2.64* | 36.99 ± 3.48* | 39.17 ± 1.75 | 36.13 ± 3.96* | 39.04 ± 1.70 | |
Birth weight (kg, X ± s) | 3.20 ± 0.54 | 3.11 ± 0.64 | 2.77 ± 0.80* | 3.23 ± 0.55 | 2.64 ± 0.94* | 3.24 ± 0.58 | |
Birth mode (natural birth / cesarean section, n) | 96/81 | 103/69 | 15/17 | 158/132 | 25/17 | 50/59 | |
2 | Gender (male / female, n) | 65/60 | 57/44 | 22/23 | 53/56 | 34/28 | 29/21 |
Gestational age (weeks, X ± s) | 38.44 ± 2.57 | 38.43 ± 2.54 | 37.10 ± 3.00* | 39.01 ± 1.88 | 36.21 ± 3.97* | 38.38 ± 2.22 | |
Birth weight (kg, X ± s) | 3.12 ± 0.65 | 3.08 ± 0.67 | 2.56 ± 0.73* | 3.20 ± 0.54 | 2.61 ± 0.85* | 3.14 ± 0.60 | |
Birth mode (natural birth / cesarean section, n) | 64/61 | 43/58 | 21/24 | 47/62 | 30/32 | 28/22 | |
3 | Gender (male / female, n) | 42/27 | 28/20 | 26/23 | 26/24 | 31/23 | 12/9 |
Gestational age (weeks, X ± s) | 37.72 ± 2.81 | 37.09 ± 3.69 | 36.68 ± 3.26 | 37.92 ± 2.66 | 35.47 ± 4.08* | 37.59 ± 2.94 | |
Birth weight (kg, X ± s) | 2.93 ± 0.69 | 2.79 ± 0.89 | 2.72 ± 0.79 | 3.04 ± 0.73 | 2.40 ± 0.91* | 2.39 ± 1.18 | |
Birth mode (natural birth / cesarean section, n) | 30/39 | 25/23 | 22/27 | 26/24 | 21/33 | 9/12 | |
4 | Gender (male / female, n) | 19/20 | 16/8 | 10/12 | 4/8 | 14/9 | 2/2 |
Gestational age (weeks, X ± s) | 35.20 ± 3.56 | 34.80 ± 2.97 | 34.69 ± 3.43 | 36.88 ± 3.09 | 34.45 ± 3.48 | 37.68 ± 3.76 | |
Birth weight (kg, X ± s) | 2.42 ± 0.85 | 2.21 ± 0.72 | 2.31 ± 0.77 | 2.63 ± 0.78 | 2.17 ± 0.96 | 2.42 ± 0.28 | |
Birth mode (natural birth / cesarean section, n) | 16/23 | 11/13 | 9/13 | 4/8 | 10/13 | 4/0 |
Comparison of TIMP scores of infants with different type of PD at different ages of month
Months of age | n | Plagiocephaly | Brachycephaly | Dolichocephaly | Brachy-plagiocephaly | Dolichol-plagiocephaly | Normal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | TIMP scores | n (%) | TIMP scores | n (%) | TIMP scores | n (%) | TIMP scores | n (%) | TIMP scores | n (%) | TIMP scores | ||
0 | 389 | 71 (18.25%) | 54.65 ± 6.39 | 13 (3.34%) | 54.85 ± 9.34 | 145 (37.28%) | 54.46 ± 7.61 | 26 (6.69%) | 55.04 ± 6.91 | 50 (12.85%) | 52.54 ± 7.12* | 84 (21.59%) | 55.32 ± 7.00 |
1 | 822 | 172 (20.93%) | 59.16 ± 7.83 | 32 (3.89%) | 58.00 ± 6.31 | 290 (35.28%) | 59.55 ± 8.56 | 42 (5.11%) | 60.86 ± 8.42 | 109 (13.26%) | 58.40 ± 8.78* | 177 (21.53%) | 60.69 ± 8.61 |
2 | 492 | 101 (20.53%) | 68.32 ± 11.31 | 45 (9.15%) | 65.44 ± 9.78 | 109 (22.15%) | 68.32 ± 12.12 | 62 (12.60%) | 66.58 ± 11.54 | 50 (10.16%) | 68.86 ± 13.61 | 125 (25.41%) | 68.00 ± 11.15 |
3 | 291 | 48 (16.49%) | 81.33 ± 17.75 | 49 (16.84%) | 80.04 ± 13.32 | 50 (17.18%) | 74.30 ± 12.34*# | 54 (18.56%) | 76.61 ± 13.70* | 21 (7.22%) | 71.43 ± 13.52*# | 69 (23.71%) | 81.99 ± 13.62 |
4 | 124 | 24 (19.35%) | 90.46 ± 13.28 | 22 (17.74%) | 93.45 ± 14.50 | 12 (9.68%) | 82.75 ± 13.03*△ | 23 (18.55%) | 87.35 ± 18.78* | 4 (3.23%) | 93.00 ± 4.08 | 39 (31.45%) | 96.92 ± 12.82 |
Comparison of TIMP scores of infants with different degrees of PD at different ages of month
Comparison of TIMP scores of infants with different degrees of plagiocephy
Months of age | Plagiocephaly | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Mild | Moderate | Severe | Normal | |||||
n (%) | TIMP scores | n (%) | TIMP scores | n (%) | TIMP scores | n | TIMP scores | ||
0 | 71 | 42(59.15%) | 55.10 ± 6.51 | 18(25.35%) | 54.28 ± 6.87 | 11(15.50%) | 53.55 ± 5.48 | 84 | 55.32 ± 7.00 |
1 | 172 | 104(60.47%) | 59.41 ± 7.91 | 50(29.07%) | 60.20 ± 7.15 | 18(10.46%) | 54.83 ± 8.13*#△ | 177 | 60.69 ± 8.61 |
2 | 101 | 55(55.46%) | 68.29 ± 10.37 | 40(39.60%) | 67.40 ± 12.88 | 6(5.94%) | 74.67 ± 6.89 | 125 | 68.00 ± 11.15 |
3 | 48 | 28(58.33%) | 85.75 ± 17.83 | 15(31.25%) | 75.33 ± 17.87 | 5(10.42%) | 74.60 ± 10.48 | 69 | 81.99 ± 13.62 |
4 | 24 | 13(54.17%) | 98.54 ± 10.99 | 3(12.50%) | 73.00 ± 14.00*# | 8(33.33%) | 83.88 ± 3.83*# | 39 | 96.92 ± 12.82 |
Comparison of TIMP scores of infants with different degrees of brachycephaly
Months of age | Brachycephaly | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Mild | Moderate | Mild | Normal | |||||
n (%) | TIMP scores | n (%) | TIMP scores | n (%) | TIMP scores | n | TIMP scores | ||
0 | 13 | 10(76.92%) | 53.60 ± 10.27 | 2(15.38%) | 59.00 ± 5.66 | 1(7.70%) | 59.00 | 84 | 55.32 ± 7.00 |
1 | 32 | 24(75.00%) | 58.88 ± 6.13 | 8(25.00%) | 55.38 ± 6.52 | 0(0.00%) | / | 177 | 60.69 ± 8.61 |
2 | 45 | 21(46.67%) | 65.81 ± 9.24 | 14(31.11%) | 64.57 ± 10.53 | 10(22.22%) | 65.90 ± 8.84 | 125 | 68.00 ± 11.15 |
3 | 49 | 26(53.06%) | 78.46 ± 12.67 | 15(30.61%) | 85.93 ± 11.61 | 8(16.33%) | 74.13 ± 15.80 | 69 | 81.99 ± 13.62 |
4 | 22 | 10(45.45%) | 99.50 ± 13.55 | 10(45.45%) | 89.00 ± 13.98 | 2(9.10%) | 85.50 ± 17.68 | 39 | 96.92 ± 12.826 |
Comparison of TIMP scores of infants with different degrees of dolichocephaly
Months of age | Dolichocephaly | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Mild | Moderate | Mild | Normal | |||||
n (%) | TIMP scores | n (%) | TIMP scores | n (%) | TIMP scores | n | TIMP scores | ||
0 | 145 | 53(36.56%) | 57.17 ± 7.86 | 46(31.72%) | 53.54 ± 6.71# | 46(31.72%) | 52.24 ± 7.36*# | 84 | 55.32 ± 7.00 |
1 | 290 | 116(40.00%) | 59.26 ± 8.34 | 105(36.21%) | 59.74 ± 8.40 | 69(23.79%) | 59.74 ± 9.24 | 177 | 60.69 ± 8.61 |
2 | 109 | 39(35.78%) | 66.10 ± 10.67 | 39(35.78%) | 69.49 ± 12.70 | 31(28.44%) | 69.65 ± 13.07 | 125 | 68.00 ± 11.15 |
3 | 50 | 18(36.00%) | 75.72 ± 10.73 | 24(48.00%) | 75.50 ± 12.86 | 8(16.00%) | 65.50 ± 10.56*#△ | 69 | 81.99 ± 13.62 |
4 | 12 | 4(33.33%) | 88.75 ± 11.62 | 5(41.67%) | 84.20 ± 12.99* | 3(25.00%) | 72.33 ± 12.42* | 39 | 96.92 ± 12.826 |
Comparison of PD in infants with different levels of TIMP scores at different ages of month
Comparison of CVA and CI values of infants with different TIMP score levels
Months of age | n | TIMP scores | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Extremely low-level | Low-level | Medium-level | High-level | ||||||||||
n(%) | CVA | CI | n(%) | CVA | CI | n(%) | CVA | CI | n(%) | CVA | CI | ||
0 | 389 | 7 (1.80%) | 3.86 ± 3.58 | 78.80 ± 7.08# | 24 (6.17%) | 3.88 ± 4.24 | 82.45 ± 7.02 | 254 (65.30%) | 3.60 ± 2.90 | 82.34 ± 5.77 | 104 (26.73%) | 3.22 ± 2.68 | 83.48 ± 6.06 |
1 | 822 | 27 (3.28%) | 4.25 ± 3.54 | 80.55 ± 5.47 | 112 (13.63%) | 3.83 ± 3.15 | 82.31 ± 5.87 | 470 (57.18%) | 3.47 ± 2.65 | 82.93 ± 5.76 | 213 (25.91%) | 3.39 ± 2.54 | 82.73 ± 5.63 |
2 | 492 | 43 (8.74%) | 4.23 ± 3.18 | 85.92 ± 6.78 | 132 (26.83%) | 3.90 ± 2.97 | 85.60 ± 6.91 | 239 (48.58%) | 3.71 ± 2.78 | 85.68 ± 6.98 | 78 (15.75%) | 3.95 ± 2.63 | 84.49 ± 5.95 |
3 | 291 | 48 (16.49%) | 5.04 ± 3.81*△ | 87.88 ± 8.62 | 75 (25.77%) | 3.36 ± 2.44 | 85.10 ± 7.21*# | 137 (47.08%) | 3.85 ± 3.20 | 88.28 ± 6.61 | 31 (10.66%) | 3.94 ± 2.14 | 88.82 ± 5.41 |
4 | 124 | 36 (29.03%) | 4.86 ± 4.43*# | 89.59 ± 8.65 | 23 (18.55%) | 6.30 ± 4.90*# | 88.50 ± 6.41 | 51 (41.13%) | 3.24 ± 2.29 | 88.52 ± 5.63 | 14 (11.29%) | 2.64 ± 1.73 | 90.61 ± 5.33 |