Introduction
Materials and methods
Patients and healthy subjects
Masticatory performance
Masticatory ability
Pain
Oral active range of motion
Statistical analysis
Results
Patients and healthy subjects
Demographics | ||
---|---|---|
Gender, n (%) | ||
Male | 16 | 76.2 |
Female | 5 | 23.8 |
Age, mean (SD) | 47.43 | 15.97 |
Age at trauma, mean (SD) | 35.76 | 13.55 |
Follow-up time, mean (SD) | 11.67 | 4.89 |
Cause of trauma, n (%) | ||
Traffic | 5 | 23.8 |
Bike | 5 | 23.8 |
Violence | 3 | 14.3 |
Fall | 6 | 28.6 |
Sports | 0 | 0 |
Other | 2 | 9.5 |
Diagnose (AOCMF), n (%) | ||
Condylar neck fracture | 9 | 42.9 |
Condylar base fracture | 12 | 57.1 |
Other mandibular fractures, n (%) | ||
No | 6 | 28.6 |
Yes | 15 | 71.4 |
Type of MMF, n (%) | ||
Elastics | 8 | 38.1 |
Wires followed by guiding elastics | 13 | 61.9 |
Total duration of treatment in weeks, mean (SD) | 7.0 | 2.5 |
Clavien-Dindo classification for complications | ||
Grade I | 5 | 23.8 |
Grade II | 0 | 0 |
Grade III a + b | 0 | 0 |
Grade IV a + b | 0 | 0 |
Grade V | 0 | 0 |
No complications | 16 | 76.2 |
Study outcomes | ||
MMO, mean (SD) | 47.69 | 7.80 |
Laterotrusion, mean (SD) | ||
To ipsilateral side | 10.33 | 4.08 |
To contralateral side | 11.17 | 4.02 |
Protrusion, mean (SD) | 8.33 | 3.24 |
TMJ symptoms, n (%) | ||
No | 12 | 57.1 |
Yes | 9 | 42.9 |
Occlusion, n (%) | ||
Stable | 21 | 100 |
Patient-reported or objective malocclusion | 0 | 0 |
Dentition status, n (%) | ||
Natural dentition | 17 | 81 |
Partial denture | 3 | 14 |
Maxillary denture, mandibular natural dentition | 1 | 1 |
VAS for pain, mean (SD) | 2.05 | 4.07 |
Patient group n = 21 | Healthy subjects n = 30 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | ||
Gender, n (%) | |||||
Male | 16 (76.2) | 19 (63.3) | |||
Female | 5 (23.8) | 11 (36.7) | |||
Age | 47.43 (15.97) | 34.20 (14.26) | |||
OU | 9.52 (4.46) | 11.9 (1.00) | |||
MAI | 18.80 (2.27) | 17.42 (1.76) | |||
MFIQ outcome | 4.29 (6.22) | 0.47 (1.14) | |||
1.Social activities | 0.00 (0.00) | 0 (0) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0 (0) | |
2.Speaking | 0.05 (0.22) | 0 (0) | 0.03 (0.18) | 0 (0) | |
3.Biting | 0.67 (0.86) | 0 (1) | 0.03 (0.18) | 0 (0) | |
4.Eating hard food | 0.38 (0.81) | 0 (1) | 0.07 (0.25) | 0 (0) | |
5.Eating soft food | 0.19 (0.87) | 0 (0) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0 (0) | |
6.Daily activities | 0.10 (0.30) | 0 (1) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0 (0) | |
7.Drinking | 0.05 (0.22) | 0 (0) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0 (0) | |
8.Laughing | 0.14 (0.48) | 0 (0) | 0.03 (0.18) | 0 (0) | |
9.Chewing resistant food | 0.38 (0.67) | 0 (1) | 0.07 (0.25) | 0 (0) | |
10.Yawning | 0.19 (0.40) | 0 (0) | 0.07 (0.25) | 0 (0) | |
11.Kissing | 0.05 (0.22) | 0 (0) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0 (0) | |
12.Eating hard cookies | 0.24 (0.63) | 0 (0) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0 (0) | |
13.Eating meat | 0.24 (0.70) | 0 (0) | 0.03 (0.18) | 0 (0) | |
14.Eating raw carrot | 0.38 (0.67) | 0 (1) | 0.03 (0.18) | 0 (0) | |
15.Eating French bread | 0.19 (0.40) | 0 (0) | 0.07 (0.25) | 0 (0) | |
16.Eating peanuts | 0.38 (0.67) | 0 (1) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0 (0) | |
17.Eating whole apple | 0.67 (0.97) | 0 (1) | 0.03 (0.18) | 0 (0) |
Mastication and associated factors in patients
Variable | Unadjusted model Regression coefficients (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted model Regression coefficients (95% CI) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | − 0.125 (− 2.621–2.371) | 0.918 | ||
Age (years) | − 0.021 (− 0.047–0.088) | 0.529 | ||
Follow-up time | 0.055 (− 0.167–0.276) | 0.661 | ||
CDC | − 1.884 (− 4.211–0.443) | 0.107 | ||
MMO | − 0.120 (− 0.247–0.007) | 0.063 | ||
Ipsilateral laterotrusion | − 0.136 (− 0.396–0.123) | 0.284 | ||
Contralateral laterotrusion | − 0.158 (− 0.418–0.102) | 0.217 | ||
Protrusion | − 0.181 (− 0.506–0.144) | 0.257 | ||
TMJ symptoms | 0.378 (− 1.763–2.512) | 0.716 | ||
VASpain | 0.144 (− 0.125–0.412) | 0.275 | ||
OU | − 0.256 (− 0.467– − 0.045) | 0.020* | 0.256 (− 0.467– − 0.045) | 0.020* |
MFIQ | 0.082 (− 0.088–0.253) | 0.326 | ||
R2 | 0.253 |
Variable | Unadjusted model Regression coefficients (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted model Regression coefficients (95% CI) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | 6.450 (0.345–12.555) | 0.039* | ||
Age (years) | 0.075 (− 0.108–0.259) | 0.401 | ||
Follow-up time | 0.497 (− 0.065–1.059) | 0.080 | ||
CDC | 2.250 (− 4.510–9.010) | 0.494 | ||
MMO | 0.028 (− 0.355–0.411) | 0.881 | ||
Ipsilateral laterotrusion | − 0.417 (− 1.122–0.288) | 0.231 | ||
Contralateral laterotrusion | − 0.343 (− 1.067–0.381) | 0.334 | ||
Protrusion | 0.723 (− 0.130–1.577) | 0.092 | ||
TMJ symptoms | − 3.417 (− 9.075–2.242) | 0.222 | ||
VASpain | 1.056 (0.483–1.630) | 0.001** | 1.056 (0.483–1.630) | 0.001** |
OU | − 0.660 (− 1.251– − 0.069) | 0.030* | ||
MAI | 0.618 (− 0.665–1.901) | 0.326 | ||
R2 | 0.454 |
Mastication and associated factors in both patients and healthy subjects
Variable | Unadjusted model Regression coefficients (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted model Regression coefficients (95% CI) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | 0.718 (− 0.537–1.974) | 0.256 | ||
Age (years) | 0.044 (0.010–0.079) | 0.013* | ||
OU | − 0.296 (− 0.465– − 0.126) | 0.001** | − 0.296 (− 0.465– − 0.126) | 0.001** |
MFIQ | 0.144 (0.016–0.271) | 0.028* | ||
Patient/healthy group | − 1.372 (− 2.505– − 0.239) | 0.019* | ||
R2 | 0.201 |
Variable | Unadjusted model Regression coefficients (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted model Regression coefficients (95% CI) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | 1.582 (− 1.108–4.273) | 0.243 | ||
Age (years) | 0.087 (0.013–0.162) | 0.023* | ||
OU | − 0.752 (− 1.096– − 0.408) | 0.000*** | − 0.612 (− 0.971– − 0.253) | 0.001** |
MAI | 0.661 (0.075–1.247) | 0.028* | ||
Patient/healthy group | − 3.819 (− 6.146–1.492) | 0.002** | − 2.364 (− 4.639– − 0.090) | 0.042* |
R2 | 0.343 |