Bronchopleural fistulae (BPFs) are rare but severe complications of pneumonia, lung abscess or pleural empyema. They may also occur following thoracic surgical procedures resulting in persistent air leakage (PAL). Surgical options include resection, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), coverage of the fistula, or pleurodesis. Interventional bronchoscopy is preferred in complex cases. Endoscopic interventional treatment options in adults comprise a variety of procedures, including implantation of devices such as volume-reduction valves [
1] or ASD occluders [
2], following fistula visualization and balloon sizing under fluoroscopy. The devices must achieve immediate, airtight occlusion and must subsequently be removed. Risks comprise valve malpositioning and device expectoration during cough [
3]. Furthermore, sclerosants are used to achieve pleurodesis by using talc [
4], ethanol [
5], silver nitrate [
6], polyethylene glycol [
7], tetracycline, doxycycline [
8], minocycline [
4] or bleomycin [
9]. They have to be administered strictly locally, as they provoke severe inflammatory reactions, which might cause severe damage to other pulmonary segments. Complications include chest pain, fever, acute lung injury, and/or subsequent interstitial lung disease [
9]. In cases of persistent pneumothorax, the altered lung may be unable to be re-expanded [
10]. Autologous blood instillation into the pleural cavity for coverage of the fistula is of limited success, resulting in a pleural callosity and may be complicated by chest tube clots, pleuritis and empyema [
10,
11]. While this treatment is easy to perform, success is uncertain, requiring prolonged periods of chest tube drainage. Sealants such as cyanoacrylate [
12,
13], fibrin glue [
14‐
17], albumin-glutaraldehyde glue [
18], hydrogel [
19] or oxidized cellulose [
20] have also been used for fistula occlusion. Since interventional occlusion with detachable metallic coils usually does not achieve immediate airtight occlusion, it has been recommended to combine the use of these coils with additional topical sealants [
21]. While this technique is associated with the risk of displacement of the sealant, long-term animal studies have shown complete resorption of the glue within 3 months [
17]. To date, interventional procedures for occlusion of BPFs have been performed exclusively in the adult population.