Introduction
Methods
Study design and setting
Study population
Data collection
Outcome measures
Data analysis
Results
Patient characteristics
EMS | Non-EMS | Missing | |
---|---|---|---|
N = 5464 (15) | N = 30,692 (85) | ||
Age (years)a* | 2.4 (1.3–4.9) | 2.8 (1.3–5.7) | / |
Gender (male) | 3012 (55) | 16,845 (55) | 1 (0) |
Comorbidity* | 745 (14) | 5167 (17) | 343 (0.9) |
Visiting hours (out of office)* | 4152 (76) | 19,912 (65) | / |
Triage urgency* | / | ||
Low | 2427 (44) | 20,890 (68) | |
Intermediate/high | 3037 (56) | 9802 (32) | |
Ill appearance* | 1591 (29) | 4050 (13) | 1507 (4) |
Abnormal vital signs | |||
Tachycardia* | 1594 (29) | 7568 (25) | 3134 (9) |
Tachypnoea* | 1095 (20) | 4407 (14) | 7664 (21) |
Hypoxia | 113 (2) | 683 (2) | 4436 (12) |
Presenting symptoms* | / | ||
Neurological | 740 (14) | 772 (3) | |
Respiratory | 2580 (47) | 17,975 (59) | |
Gastrointestinal | 829 (15) | 4727 (15) | |
Other | 1315 (24) | 7218 (24) | |
Diagnostics* | 4000 (73) | 18,259 (60) | / |
Simple* | 3861 (71) | 17,252 (56) | |
CRP | 3301 (60) | 12,444 (41) | |
WBC count | 3290 (60) | 12,370 (40) | |
Urine analysis | 1851 (34) | 7113 (23) | |
Urine culture | 268 (5) | 2446 (8) | |
Respiratory test | 919 (17) | 5329 (17) | |
Advanced* | 1431 (26) | 7012 (23) | |
Imaging | 1279 (23) | 5326 (17) | |
Chest X-ray | 1008 (18) | 4158 (14) | |
Other X-ray | 111 (2) | 327 (1) | |
Ultrasound | 229 (4) | 1170 (4) | |
CT | 54 (1) | 141 (0.5) | |
MRI | 10 (0.2) | 71 (0.2) | |
Blood culture | 340 (6) | 3016 (10) | |
Lumbar puncture | 53 (1) | 351 (1) | |
Treatment | / | ||
Oxygen therapy* | 209 (4) | 752 (3) | |
ILSI* | 204 (4) | 386 (1) | |
Hospital admission* | 1955 (36) | 7310 (24) | |
To ward | 1911 (35) | 7212 (24) | |
To PICU | 44 (0.8) | 98 (0.3) | |
Focus of infection* | 5 (0) | ||
Sepsis/meningitis | 31 (0.6) | 231 (0.8) | |
Respiratory tract | 3816 (70) | 20,492 (67) | |
Gastrointestinal tract | 629 (12) | 3163 (10) | |
Urinary tract | 197 (4) | 1042 (3) | |
Other | 775 (14) | 5760 (19) | |
Cause of infection* | 247 (0.7) | ||
Presumed bacterial | 1360 (25) | 6580 (21) | |
Unknown bacterial/viral | 699 (13) | 4764 (16) | |
Presumed viral | 3159 (58) | 17,143 (56) | |
Other | 234 (4) | 1970 (6) |
Discordant EMS use
OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|
Age (years)a | ||
< 1 | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) |
1 < 5 | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) |
5 < 12 | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) |
12 < 18 | REF | REF |
Gender | ||
Girls | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) |
Boys | REF | REF |
Presenting symptoms | ||
Neurological | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 0.2 (0.1–0.2) |
Respiratory | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) |
Gastrointestinal | 0.8 (0.6–0.9) | 0.8 (0.6–0.9) |
Other | REF | REF |
Visiting hours | ||
OOH | 1.6 (1.4–1.9) | 1.6 (1.4-–0.9) |
During office hours | REF | REF |