Dietary management of urolithiasis in 2023: a comprehensive update

Excerpt

As a benign painful condition, urolithiasis poses a huge challenge and burden to the health care system of all countries in the world particularly in those where the diease seems to be endemic.The prevalence of the pathology is steadily increasing worldwide and without any medical treatment, 5-year recurrence rate is high, ranging from 35 to 50% following initial stone episode. If not diagnosed and treated with appropriate medical and surgical approcahes on time, the disease can cause irreversible morphological/ functional alterations in the affected kidneys. In other words, it may be well associated with increased risk of chronic and end stage kidney disease. Morover, the disease is currently regarded as a systemic disorder associated with risk of coronary artery disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. The evident increase observed in the trend of stone disease may be due to changes in diet and lifestyle, obesity, diabetes, and global warming causing dehydration and high urinary concentration of stone-forming risk factors. …