Background
Methods
Type and framework of the study
Study sample
The course of the study
Parameter | 1 | 2 | 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Diarrhea | |||
Maximum number stools per day | 1–3 | 4–5 | ≥ 6 |
Diarrhea Duration (day) | 1–4 | 5 | ≥ 6 |
Vomiting | |||
Maximum number per day | 1 | 2–4 | ≥ 5 |
Vomiting duration (day) | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Maximum body temperature (°C) | 37.1–38.4 | 38.5–38.9 | ≥ 39.0 |
Severity of dehydration (%) | N/A | 1–5 | ≥ 6 |
Treatment | Rehydration | Hospitalization | N/A |
Severity rating scales | < 7 (mild) | 7–10 (moderate) | 11 (severe) |
Laboratory analysis or test procedure
Operational definitions
Statistical analysis
Ethical consideration
Results
Socio-demographic characteristics of children under 5 years of age with acute diarrhoea
Characteristic | Negative, N = 941 | Rotavirus, N = 591 | p-value2 |
---|---|---|---|
Age (months) | 0.3 | ||
[1 - 11] | 61 (62.9%) | 36 (37.1%) | |
[12 - 24] | 19 (67.9%) | 9 (32.1%) | |
[25–59] | 14 (50.0%) | 14 (50.0%) | |
Gender | 0.087 | ||
Female | 40 (70.2%) | 17 (29.8%) | |
Male | 54 (56.2%) | 42 (43.8%) | |
Vaccinated against rotavirus | < 0.001 | ||
No | 29 (44.6%) | 36 (55.4%) | |
Yes | 65 (73.9%) | 23 (26.1%) | |
Number of vaccine doses | < 0.001 | ||
0 | 29 (44.6%) | 36 (55.4%) | |
1 | 6 (85.7%) | 1 (14.3%) | |
2 | 9 (42.9%) | 12 (57.1%) | |
3 | 50 (83.3%) | 10 (16.7%) | |
Mother’s occupation | 0.048 | ||
With employment | 30 (62.5%) | 18 (37.5%) | |
Student | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (100.0%) | |
Unemployed | 64 (63.4%) | 37 (36.6%) | |
Mother’s level of education | 0.3 | ||
Primary | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (100.0%) | |
Secondary | 55 (59.1%) | 38 (40.9%) | |
Academic | 39 (66.1%) | 20 (33.9%) | |
Marital status | 0.2 | ||
Single | 3 (33.3%) | 6 (66.7%) | |
Married | 72 (61.5%) | 45 (38.5%) | |
Free union | 19 (70.4%) | 8 (29.6%) | |
Household water | 0.6 | ||
Well | 10 (52.6%) | 9 (47.4%) | |
Tap | 83 (62.9%) | 49 (37.1%) | |
Source | 1 (50.0%) | 1 (50.0%) | |
Type of mother’s toilet | 0.8 | ||
Water closet | 57 (60.6%) | 37 (39.4%) | |
Dry toilet | 37 (62.7%) | 22 (37.3%) | |
1 n (%) 2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test |
Clinical profile of children under 5 years of age with acute diarrhoea
Parameters | Negative N = 94a | Rotavirus N = 59a | p-valueb | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Diarrhoea frequency per day/per admission, Mean (SD) | 5.9 (2.2) | 9.6 (3.4) | < 0.001 | |
Duration of diarrhea in days, Mean (SD) | 3.6 (1.4) | 6.1 (2.0) | < 0.001 | |
Aspects | < 0.001 | |||
Mucous | 56 (82.3%) | 12 (17.7%) | ||
Aqueous | 37 (44.0%) | 47 (56.0%) | ||
Bloody | 1 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Vomiting | 0.002 | |||
No | 30 (83.3%) | 6 (16.7%) | ||
Yes | 64 (54.7%) | 53 (45.3%) | ||
Dehydration | < 0.001 | |||
Slight | 9 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Moderate | 65 (69.1%) | 29 (30.9%) | ||
Severe | 20 (40.0%) | 30 (60.0%) | ||
Fever | < 0,001 | |||
35 (87.5%) | 5 (12.5%) | |||
59 (52.2%) | 54 (47.8%) | |||
Cough | 0.4 | |||
No | 40 (58.0%) | 29 (42.0%) | ||
Yes | 54 (64.3%) | 30 (35.7%) | ||
Abdominal pain | < 0,001 | |||
No | 66 (86.8%) | 10 (13.2%) | ||
Yes | 28 (36.4%) | 49 (63.6%) | ||
Vesikari Score | < 0.001 | |||
< 7 | 27 (87.1%) | 4 (12.9%) | ||
[3 - 7] | 45 (88.2%) | 6 (11.8%) | ||
≥11 | 22 (31.0%) | 49 (69.0%) | ||
Vesikari score, Mean (SD) | 9.4 (3.2) | 13.1 (2.8) | 0.002 |
Clinical characteristics of vaccinated and unvaccinated children with rotavirus
Parameters | unvaccinated n = 36a | Vaccinated n = 23a | p-valueb | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Diarrhoea frequency per day/admission, Mean (SD) | 8.83 (3.44) | 9.04 (2.03) | 0.3 | |
Duration of diarrhoea in days, Mean (SD) | 6.11 (2.19) | 6.17 (1.72) | 0.5 | |
Aspects | 0.019 | |||
Glaireux | 11 (91.7%) | 1 (8.3%) | ||
Aqueous | 25 (53.2%) | 22 (46.8%) | ||
Vomiting | 0.4 | |||
No | 5 (83.3%) | 1 (16.7%) | ||
Yes | 31 (58.5%) | 22 (41.5%) | ||
Dehydration | 0.7 | |||
Moderate | 17 (58.6%) | 12 (41.4%) | ||
Severe | 19 (63.3%) | 11 (36.7%) | ||
Fever | 0,15 | |||
No | 5 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Yes | 31 (57.4%) | 23 (42.6%) | ||
Cough | 0.5 | |||
No | 19 (65.5%) | 10 (34.5%) | ||
Yes | 17 (56.7%) | 13 (43.3%) | ||
Abdominal pain | 0,5 | |||
No | 5 (50.0%) | 5 (50.0%) | ||
Yes | 31 (63.3%) | 18 (36.7%) | ||
Vesikari Score | 0.2 | |||
< 7 | 4 (50.0%) | 4 (50.0%) | ||
[7 - 10] | 5 (41.7%) | 7 (58.3%) | ||
≥11 | 27 (69.2%) | 12 (30.8%) | ||
Vesikari score, Mean (SD) | 12.7 (3.2) | 10.7 (2.8) | 0.024 |
Multivariate analysis of factors associated with clinical severity of acute rotavirus diarrhea in children under 5 years of age according to the Vesikari score
Coefficients: | Estimate Std. | Error | t value | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age [12–23 months] | −0.2919 | 0.8182 | −0.357 | 0.723 |
[24–59 months] | −3.7355 | 0.8662 | −4.313 | 8.21e-05 *** |
Gender Male | − 0.4845 | 0.7316 | −0.662 | 0.511 |
Vaccinated with Rotasiil YES | 0.7561 | 0.6704 | 1.128 | 0.265 |
Mother’s level of education Secondary | −0.2876 | 2.2831 | −0.126 | 0.900 |
Mother with university education | 0.2017 | 2.4454 | 0.082 | 0.935 |
Mother Student | −0.2237 | 1.3755 | −0.163 | 0.872 |
Mother Unemployed | −2.882 | 0.6535 | −4.410 | 5.99e-05 *** |
Household water: Tap | 1.1934 | 0.873 | 1.367 | 0.178 |
Household water: Source | 3.8031 | 2.3811 | 1.597 | 0.117 |
Dry pit toilet | 0.8629 | 0.6588 | 1.31 | 0.197 |