Correlations between AHRBI scores and scores of socio‑demographic data, SAS, SDS, CERQ, CTQ, EMBU, and FACES II-CV in the depression group
To explore the factors related to HRRBs that differed between the depression group and control group, scores on the AHRBI and SS, AV, RB, HCB, and SD factors were significantly higher in the depression group than in the control group, and demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, SAS scores, SDS scores, family adaptability and cohesion, parenting style, cognitive emotional regulation strategy use, and childhood trauma were correlated with HRRBs. Based on the correlation coefficient, associations were labeled as strong (r > 0.6), moderate (0.3 < r ≤ 0.6), or weak (0.1 < r ≤ 0.3) (Akoglu, 2018). Specific results are as follows.
The AHRBI total score was strongly correlated with the SAS total score (
r = 0.682). The AHRBI total score was moderately correlated with SDS score, family intimacy, family adaptability, maternal excessive interference, maternal refusal and denial, maternal severe punishment, self-blame, catastrophizing, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, and total CTQ score (
r=-0.390 ∼ 0.557, all
P < 0.05). The AHRBI total score was weakly correlated with paternal emotional warmth and understanding, maternal emotional warmth and understanding, paternal severe punishment, paternal preference for subjects, paternal refusal and denial, putting into perspective, paternal overprotection, blaming of others, rumination, positive reappraisal, positive reappraisal, physical abuse and sexual abuse (
r=-0.279 ∼ 0.297, all P
< 0.05). See Table
4.2 for details.
SS was strongly correlated with the SAS total score (
r = 0.672) and SDS total score (
r = 0.629). SS was moderately correlated with family intimacy, family adaptability, maternal excessive interference, catastrophizing, self-blame, rumination, positive refocusing, positive reappraisal, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, and the total CTQ score (
r=-0.393 ∼ 0.527, all
P < 0.0). SS was weakly associated with sex, depression severity, paternal emotional warmth and understanding, maternal emotional warmth and understanding, maternal severe punishment, paternal refusal and denial, maternal refusal and denial, paternal preference for subjects, maternal preference for subjects, putting into perspective, physical abuse, and sexual abuse (
r=-0.269 ∼ 0.289, all P
< 0.05). See Table
4.2 for details.
AV was not strongly associated with any factors. Factors moderately associated with AV were as follows: the total SAS score, paternal severe punishment, maternal excessive interference, paternal refusal and denial, catastrophizing, blaming of others, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, and the total CTQ score (
r = 0.300 ∼ 0.407, all P
< 0.05). Factors weakly related to AV were as follows: the total SDS score, family intimacy, family adaptability, paternal emotional warmth and understanding, maternal severe punishment, paternal excessive interference, maternal refusal and denial, paternal excessive protection, putting into perspective, physical abuse, and sexual abuse (
r=-0.292 ∼ 0.298, all P
< 0.05). See Table
4.2 for details.
RB was not strongly associated with any factors. Factors moderately related to RB were as follows: the total SAS score, physical neglect, and the total CTQ score (
r = 0.303 ∼ 0.332, all P <
0.05). The factors weakly related to RB were as follows: academic achievement, the total SDS score, a family history of mental disorder, family intimacy, family adaptability, paternal severe punishment, maternal excessive interference, maternal severe punishment, paternal refusal and denial, maternal refusal and denial, paternal overprotection, self-blame, catastrophizing, putting into perspective, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical abuse (
r=-0.280 ∼ 0.288, all P
< 0.05). See Table
4.2 for details.
There were no factors strongly related to SD. Factors moderately related to SD were as follows: the total SAS score (
r = 0.336) and catastrophizing (
r = 0.367). Factors weakly related to SD were as follows: the total SDS score, family intimacy, maternal severe punishment, maternal excessive interference, paternal refusal and denial, maternal refusal and denial, paternal overprotection, blaming of others, self-blame, putting into perspective, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and the total CTQ score (
r=-0.199 ∼ 0.278, all P
< 0.05). See Table
4.2 for details.
The factors strongly related to HCB were the total SAS score (
r = 0.625) and total SDS score (
r = 0.603). Factors moderately related to HCB were family intimacy, family adaptability, paternal emotional warmth and understanding, positive reappraisal, catastrophizing, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, and the total CTQ score (
r=-0.422 ∼ 0.448, all P
< 0.05). Factors weakly related to HCB were sex, frequency of depressive episodes, maternal emotional warmth and understanding, paternal severe punishment, maternal excessive interference, maternal refusal and denial, maternal severe punishment, self-blame, rumination, positive reappraisal, and putting into perspective (
r=-0.296 ∼ 0.288, all P
< 0.05). See Table
4.2 for details.