Skip to main content

2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

19. Antithrombotika und Antihämorrhagika

verfasst von : Prof. Dr. med. Lutz Hein, Dr. med. Hans Wille

Erschienen in: Arzneiverordnungs-Report 2019

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Auszug

Trend Die Gesamtverordnungen der Thrombozytenaggregationshemmer sind 2018 gegenüber dem Vorjahr gleich geblieben, die der oralen Antikoagulantien dagegen erneut deutlich angestiegen. Die Verordnungen der Vitamin-K-Antagonisten nahmen 2018 weiter ab, während die Verordnungen der Thrombin- und Faktor Xa-Antagonisten erneut massiv zugenommen haben und jetzt mehr als doppelt so hoch wie die der Vitamin-K-Antagonisten liegen. Die Kosten der Antithrombotika sind 2018 auf 2.322 Mio. € gestiegen, was allein durch die neuen direkten oralen Antikoagulantien bedingt ist. Bei den Antihämorrhagika sind die Faktor-VIII-Präparate die umsatzstärkste Gruppe. Modifizierte rekombinante Gerinnungsfaktoren sowie ein monoklonaler Antikörper (Emicizumab) erweitern die Therapieoptionen bei Patienten mit angeborener Hämophilie A oder B. …
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Agewall S, Cattaneo M, Collet JP, Andreotti F, Lip GY, Verheugt FW, Huber K, Grove EL, Morais J, Husted S, Wassmann S, Rosano G, Atar D, Pathak A, Kjeldsen K, Storey RF (2013) Expert position paper on the use of proton pump inhibitors in patients with cardiovascular disease and antithrombotic therapy. Eur Heart J 34:1708–1713 (1713a–1713b, ESC Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Drug Therapy and ESC Working Group on Thrombosis)PubMed Agewall S, Cattaneo M, Collet JP, Andreotti F, Lip GY, Verheugt FW, Huber K, Grove EL, Morais J, Husted S, Wassmann S, Rosano G, Atar D, Pathak A, Kjeldsen K, Storey RF (2013) Expert position paper on the use of proton pump inhibitors in patients with cardiovascular disease and antithrombotic therapy. Eur Heart J 34:1708–1713 (1713a–1713b, ESC Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Drug Therapy and ESC Working Group on Thrombosis)PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, Curto M, Gallus AS, Johnson M, Masiukiewicz U, Pak R, Thompson J, Raskob GE, Weitz JI, Investigators A (2013a) Oral apixaban for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 369:799–808PubMed Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, Curto M, Gallus AS, Johnson M, Masiukiewicz U, Pak R, Thompson J, Raskob GE, Weitz JI, Investigators A (2013a) Oral apixaban for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 369:799–808PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, Curto M, Gallus AS, Johnson M, Porcari A, Raskob GE, Weitz JI (2013b) Apixaban for extended treatment of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 368:699–708 (Investigators P-E)PubMed Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, Curto M, Gallus AS, Johnson M, Porcari A, Raskob GE, Weitz JI (2013b) Apixaban for extended treatment of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 368:699–708 (Investigators P-E)PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Akl EA, Labedi N, Barba M, Terrenato I, Sperati F, Muti P, Schünemann H (2011) Anticoagulation for the long-term treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 6: CD006650 Akl EA, Labedi N, Barba M, Terrenato I, Sperati F, Muti P, Schünemann H (2011) Anticoagulation for the long-term treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 6: CD006650
Zurück zum Zitat Algra A, de Schryver EL, van Gijn J, Kappelle LJ, Koudstaal PJ (2001) Oral anticoagulants versus antiplatelet therapy for preventing further vascular events after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke of presumed arterial origin. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001; 4: CD001342 Algra A, de Schryver EL, van Gijn J, Kappelle LJ, Koudstaal PJ (2001) Oral anticoagulants versus antiplatelet therapy for preventing further vascular events after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke of presumed arterial origin. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001; 4: CD001342
Zurück zum Zitat Alikhan R, Cohen AT (2009) Heparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in general medical patients (excluding stroke and myocardial infarction). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 3: CD003747 Alikhan R, Cohen AT (2009) Heparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in general medical patients (excluding stroke and myocardial infarction). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 3: CD003747
Zurück zum Zitat Anand SS, Bosch J, Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Diaz R, Widimsky P, Aboyans V, Alings M, Kakkar AK, Keltai K, Maggioni AP, Lewis BS, Störk S, Zhu J, Lopez-Jaramillo P, O’Donnell M, Commerford PJ, Vinereanu D, Pogosova N, Ryden L, Fox KAA, Bhatt DL, Misselwitz F, Varigos JD, Vanassche T, Avezum AA, Chen E, Branch K, Leong DP, Bangdiwala SI, Hart RG, Yusuf S (2018) Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in patients with stable peripheral or carotid artery disease: an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 391:219–229 (COMPASS Investigators)PubMed Anand SS, Bosch J, Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Diaz R, Widimsky P, Aboyans V, Alings M, Kakkar AK, Keltai K, Maggioni AP, Lewis BS, Störk S, Zhu J, Lopez-Jaramillo P, O’Donnell M, Commerford PJ, Vinereanu D, Pogosova N, Ryden L, Fox KAA, Bhatt DL, Misselwitz F, Varigos JD, Vanassche T, Avezum AA, Chen E, Branch K, Leong DP, Bangdiwala SI, Hart RG, Yusuf S (2018) Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in patients with stable peripheral or carotid artery disease: an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 391:219–229 (COMPASS Investigators)PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Antithrombotic Trialists’ Collaboration (2002) Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. Brit Med J 324:71–86 Antithrombotic Trialists’ Collaboration (2002) Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. Brit Med J 324:71–86
Zurück zum Zitat Antithrombotic Trialists’ Collaboration (2009) Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet 373:1849–1860 Antithrombotic Trialists’ Collaboration (2009) Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet 373:1849–1860
Zurück zum Zitat Bangalore S, Toklu B, Kotwal A, Volodarskiy A, Sharma S, Kirtane AJ, Feit F (2014) Anticoagulant therapy during primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of randomized trials in the era of stents and P2Y12 inhibitors. BMJ 349:g6419PubMedPubMedCentral Bangalore S, Toklu B, Kotwal A, Volodarskiy A, Sharma S, Kirtane AJ, Feit F (2014) Anticoagulant therapy during primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of randomized trials in the era of stents and P2Y12 inhibitors. BMJ 349:g6419PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Bauer T, Bouman HJ, van Werkum JW, Ford NF, ten Berg JM, Taubert D (2011) Impact of CYP2C19 variant genotypes on clinical efficacy of antiplatelet treatment with clopidogrel: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 343:d4588PubMedPubMedCentral Bauer T, Bouman HJ, van Werkum JW, Ford NF, ten Berg JM, Taubert D (2011) Impact of CYP2C19 variant genotypes on clinical efficacy of antiplatelet treatment with clopidogrel: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 343:d4588PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Bhatt DL, Fox KAA, Hacke W, Berger PB, Black HR, Boden WE, Cacoub P, Cohen EA, Creager MA, Easton JD, Flather MD, Haffner SM, Hamm CW, Hankey GJ, Johnston SC, Mak KH, Mas JL, Montalescot G, Pearson TA, Steg PG, Steinhubl SR, Weber MA, Brennan DM, Fabry-Ribaudo L, Booth J, Topol EJ, CHARISMA Investigators (2006) Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. N Engl J Med 354:1706–1717PubMed Bhatt DL, Fox KAA, Hacke W, Berger PB, Black HR, Boden WE, Cacoub P, Cohen EA, Creager MA, Easton JD, Flather MD, Haffner SM, Hamm CW, Hankey GJ, Johnston SC, Mak KH, Mas JL, Montalescot G, Pearson TA, Steg PG, Steinhubl SR, Weber MA, Brennan DM, Fabry-Ribaudo L, Booth J, Topol EJ, CHARISMA Investigators (2006) Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. N Engl J Med 354:1706–1717PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Bhatt DL, Cryer BL, Contant CF, Cohen M, Lanas A, Schnitzer TJ, Shook TL, Lapuerta P, Goldsmith MA, Laine L, Scirica BM, Murphy SA, Cannon CP, COGENT Investigators (2010) Clopidogrel with or without omeprazole in coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 363:1909–1917PubMed Bhatt DL, Cryer BL, Contant CF, Cohen M, Lanas A, Schnitzer TJ, Shook TL, Lapuerta P, Goldsmith MA, Laine L, Scirica BM, Murphy SA, Cannon CP, COGENT Investigators (2010) Clopidogrel with or without omeprazole in coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 363:1909–1917PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Björck F, Sandén P, Renlund H, Svensson PJ, Själander A (2016) Warfarin treatment quality is consistently high in both anticoagulation clinics and primary care setting in Sweden. Thromb Res 136:216–220 Björck F, Sandén P, Renlund H, Svensson PJ, Själander A (2016) Warfarin treatment quality is consistently high in both anticoagulation clinics and primary care setting in Sweden. Thromb Res 136:216–220
Zurück zum Zitat Bonaca MP, Bhatt DL, Cohen M, Steg PG, Storey RF, Jensen EC, Magnani G, Bansilal S, Fish MP, Im K, Bengtsson O, Oude Ophuis T, Budaj A, Theroux P, Ruda M, Hamm C, Goto S, Spinar J, Nicolau JC, Kiss RG, Murphy SA, Wiviott SD, Held P, Braunwald E, Sabatine MS, PEGASUS-TIMI 54 Steering Committee and Investigators (2015) Long-term use of ticagrelor in patients with prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 372:1791–1800PubMed Bonaca MP, Bhatt DL, Cohen M, Steg PG, Storey RF, Jensen EC, Magnani G, Bansilal S, Fish MP, Im K, Bengtsson O, Oude Ophuis T, Budaj A, Theroux P, Ruda M, Hamm C, Goto S, Spinar J, Nicolau JC, Kiss RG, Murphy SA, Wiviott SD, Held P, Braunwald E, Sabatine MS, PEGASUS-TIMI 54 Steering Committee and Investigators (2015) Long-term use of ticagrelor in patients with prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 372:1791–1800PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Bonello L, Laine M, Kipson N, Mancini J, Helal O, Fromonot J, Gariboldi V, Condo J, Thuny F, Frere C, Camoin-Jau L, Paganelli F, Dignat-George F, Guieu R (2014) Ticagrelor increases adenosine plasma concentration in patients with an acute coronary syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 63:872–877PubMed Bonello L, Laine M, Kipson N, Mancini J, Helal O, Fromonot J, Gariboldi V, Condo J, Thuny F, Frere C, Camoin-Jau L, Paganelli F, Dignat-George F, Guieu R (2014) Ticagrelor increases adenosine plasma concentration in patients with an acute coronary syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 63:872–877PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (2010): Bekanntmachung eines Beschlusses des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses über eine Änderung der Arzneimittel-Richtlinie (AM-RL) in Anlage IV: Therapiehinweis zu Prasugrel. BAnz. Nr. 137 (S. 3108) vom 10. Sept. 2010 Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (2010): Bekanntmachung eines Beschlusses des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses über eine Änderung der Arzneimittel-Richtlinie (AM-RL) in Anlage IV: Therapiehinweis zu Prasugrel. BAnz. Nr. 137 (S. 3108) vom 10. Sept. 2010
Zurück zum Zitat Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (2012a): Bekanntmachung eines Beschlusses des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses über eine Korrektur der Arzneimittel-Richtlinie (AMR) in Anlage 10: Clopidogrel. BAnz. Nr. 161 (S. 3 814) vom 23. Okt. 2008 Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (2012a): Bekanntmachung eines Beschlusses des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses über eine Korrektur der Arzneimittel-Richtlinie (AMR) in Anlage 10: Clopidogrel. BAnz. Nr. 161 (S. 3 814) vom 23. Okt. 2008
Zurück zum Zitat Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (2012b): Bekanntmachung eines Beschlusses des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses über eine Änderung der Arzneimittel-Richtlinie (AM-RL): Anlage XII – Beschlüsse über die Nutzenbewertung von Arzneimitteln mit neuen Wirkstoffen nach § 35a des Fünften Buches Sozialgesetzbuch (SGB V) Ticagrelor vom 15. Dezember 2011, BAnz Nr. 11 vom 19. Jan. 2012 Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (2012b): Bekanntmachung eines Beschlusses des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses über eine Änderung der Arzneimittel-Richtlinie (AM-RL): Anlage XII – Beschlüsse über die Nutzenbewertung von Arzneimitteln mit neuen Wirkstoffen nach § 35a des Fünften Buches Sozialgesetzbuch (SGB V) Ticagrelor vom 15. Dezember 2011, BAnz Nr. 11 vom 19. Jan. 2012
Zurück zum Zitat Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (2016): Bekanntmachung eines Beschlusses des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses über eine Änderung der Arzneimittel-Richtlinie (AM-RL): Anlage XII – Beschlüsse über die Nutzenbewertung von Arzneimitteln mit neuen Wirkstoffen nach § 35a des Fünften Buches Sozialgesetzbuch (SGB V) – Ticagrelor (neues Anwendungsgebiet): BAnz AT 9. Nov. 2016 B3 Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (2016): Bekanntmachung eines Beschlusses des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses über eine Änderung der Arzneimittel-Richtlinie (AM-RL): Anlage XII – Beschlüsse über die Nutzenbewertung von Arzneimitteln mit neuen Wirkstoffen nach § 35a des Fünften Buches Sozialgesetzbuch (SGB V) – Ticagrelor (neues Anwendungsgebiet): BAnz AT 9. Nov. 2016 B3
Zurück zum Zitat CAPRIE Steering Committee (1996) A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 348:1329–1339 CAPRIE Steering Committee (1996) A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 348:1329–1339
Zurück zum Zitat De Caterina R, Husted S, Wallentin L, Andreotti F, Arnesen H, Bachmann F, Baigent C, Huber K, Jespersen J, Kristensen SD, Lip GY, Morais J, Rasmussen LH, Siegbahn A, Verheugt FW, Weitz JI (2013) Vitamin K antagonists in heart disease: current status and perspectives (Section III). Position paper of the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis – Task Force on Anticoagulants in Heart Disease. Thromb Haemost 110:1087–1107PubMed De Caterina R, Husted S, Wallentin L, Andreotti F, Arnesen H, Bachmann F, Baigent C, Huber K, Jespersen J, Kristensen SD, Lip GY, Morais J, Rasmussen LH, Siegbahn A, Verheugt FW, Weitz JI (2013) Vitamin K antagonists in heart disease: current status and perspectives (Section III). Position paper of the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis – Task Force on Anticoagulants in Heart Disease. Thromb Haemost 110:1087–1107PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Chan FK, Ching JY, Hung LC, Wong VW, Leung VK, Kung NN, Hui AJ, Wu JC, Leung WK, Lee VW, Lee KK, Lee YT, Lau JY, To KF, Chan HL, Chung SC, Sung JJ (2005) Clopidogrel versus aspirin and esomeprazole to prevent recurrent ulcer bleeding. N Engl J Med 352:238–244PubMed Chan FK, Ching JY, Hung LC, Wong VW, Leung VK, Kung NN, Hui AJ, Wu JC, Leung WK, Lee VW, Lee KK, Lee YT, Lau JY, To KF, Chan HL, Chung SC, Sung JJ (2005) Clopidogrel versus aspirin and esomeprazole to prevent recurrent ulcer bleeding. N Engl J Med 352:238–244PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Chen ZM, Jiang LX, Chen YP, Xie JX, Pan HC, Peto R, Collins R, Liu LS, COMMIT (ClOpidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial) collaborative group (2005) Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 366:1607–1621PubMed Chen ZM, Jiang LX, Chen YP, Xie JX, Pan HC, Peto R, Collins R, Liu LS, COMMIT (ClOpidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial) collaborative group (2005) Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 366:1607–1621PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Collet JP, Hulot JS, Pena A, Villard E, Esteve JB, Silvain J, Payot L, Brugier D, Cayla G, Beygui F, Bensimon G, Funck-Brentano C, Montalescot G (2009) Cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphism in young patients treated with clopidogrel after myocardial infarction: a cohort study. Lancet 373:309–317PubMed Collet JP, Hulot JS, Pena A, Villard E, Esteve JB, Silvain J, Payot L, Brugier D, Cayla G, Beygui F, Bensimon G, Funck-Brentano C, Montalescot G (2009) Cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphism in young patients treated with clopidogrel after myocardial infarction: a cohort study. Lancet 373:309–317PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, Eikelboom J, Oldgren J, Parekh A, Pogue J, Reilly PA, Themeles E, Varrone J, Wang S, Alings M, Xavier D, Zhu J, Diaz R, Lewis BS, Darius H, Diener HC, Joyner CD, Wallentin L, RE-LY Steering Committee and Investigators (2009) Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 361:1139–1151PubMed Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, Eikelboom J, Oldgren J, Parekh A, Pogue J, Reilly PA, Themeles E, Varrone J, Wang S, Alings M, Xavier D, Zhu J, Diaz R, Lewis BS, Darius H, Diener HC, Joyner CD, Wallentin L, RE-LY Steering Committee and Investigators (2009) Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 361:1139–1151PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Connolly SJ, Eikelboom J, Joyner C, Diener HC, Hart R, Golitsyn S, Flaker G, Avezum A, Hohnloser SH, Diaz R, Talajic M, Zhu J, Pais P, Budaj A, Parkhomenko A, Jansky P, Commerford P, Tan RS, Sim KH, Lewis BS, Van Mieghem W, Lip GY, Kim JH, Lanas-Zanetti F, Gonzalez-Hermosillo A, Dans AL, Munawar M, O’Donnell M, Lawrence J, Lewis G, Afzal R, Yusuf S, AVERROES Steering Committee and Investigators (2011) Apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 364:806–817PubMed Connolly SJ, Eikelboom J, Joyner C, Diener HC, Hart R, Golitsyn S, Flaker G, Avezum A, Hohnloser SH, Diaz R, Talajic M, Zhu J, Pais P, Budaj A, Parkhomenko A, Jansky P, Commerford P, Tan RS, Sim KH, Lewis BS, Van Mieghem W, Lip GY, Kim JH, Lanas-Zanetti F, Gonzalez-Hermosillo A, Dans AL, Munawar M, O’Donnell M, Lawrence J, Lewis G, Afzal R, Yusuf S, AVERROES Steering Committee and Investigators (2011) Apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 364:806–817PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Connolly SJ, Eikelboom JW, Bosch J, Dagenais G, Dyal L, Lanas F, Metsarinne K, O’Donnell M, Dans AL, Ha JW, Parkhomenko AN, Avezum AA, Lonn E, Lisheng L, Torp-Pedersen C, Widimsky P, Maggioni AP, Felix C, Keltai K, Hori M, Yusoff K, Guzik TJ, Bhatt DL, Branch KRH, Cook Bruns N, Berkowitz SD, Anand SS, Varigos JD, Fox KAA, Yusuf S, COMPASS investigators (2018) Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in patients with stable coronary artery disease: an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 391:205–218PubMed Connolly SJ, Eikelboom JW, Bosch J, Dagenais G, Dyal L, Lanas F, Metsarinne K, O’Donnell M, Dans AL, Ha JW, Parkhomenko AN, Avezum AA, Lonn E, Lisheng L, Torp-Pedersen C, Widimsky P, Maggioni AP, Felix C, Keltai K, Hori M, Yusoff K, Guzik TJ, Bhatt DL, Branch KRH, Cook Bruns N, Berkowitz SD, Anand SS, Varigos JD, Fox KAA, Yusuf S, COMPASS investigators (2018) Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in patients with stable coronary artery disease: an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 391:205–218PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Cuker A, Siegal DM, Crowther MA, Garcia DA (2014) Laboratory measurement of the anticoagulant activity of the non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants. J Am Coll Cardiol 64:1128–1139PubMedPubMedCentral Cuker A, Siegal DM, Crowther MA, Garcia DA (2014) Laboratory measurement of the anticoagulant activity of the non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants. J Am Coll Cardiol 64:1128–1139PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Cuker A, Arepally GM, Chong BH, Cines DB, Greinacher A, Gruel Y, Linkins LA, Rodner SB, Selleng S, Warkentin TE, Wex A, Mustafa RA, Morgan RL, Santesso N (2018) American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv 27:3360–3392 Cuker A, Arepally GM, Chong BH, Cines DB, Greinacher A, Gruel Y, Linkins LA, Rodner SB, Selleng S, Warkentin TE, Wex A, Mustafa RA, Morgan RL, Santesso N (2018) American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv 27:3360–3392
Zurück zum Zitat Dentali F, Douketis JD, Lim W, Crowther M (2007) Combined aspirin-oral anticoagulant therapy compared with oral anticoagulant therapy alone among patients at risk for cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Arch Intern Med 167:117–124PubMed Dentali F, Douketis JD, Lim W, Crowther M (2007) Combined aspirin-oral anticoagulant therapy compared with oral anticoagulant therapy alone among patients at risk for cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Arch Intern Med 167:117–124PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Diener HC, Bogousslavsky J, Brass LM, Cimminiello C, Csiba L, Kaste M, Leys D, Matias-Guiu J, Rupprecht HJ, MATCH investigators (2004) Aspirin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone after recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in high-risk patients (MATCH): randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 364:331–337PubMed Diener HC, Bogousslavsky J, Brass LM, Cimminiello C, Csiba L, Kaste M, Leys D, Matias-Guiu J, Rupprecht HJ, MATCH investigators (2004) Aspirin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone after recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in high-risk patients (MATCH): randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 364:331–337PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Eikelboom JW, Hirsh J, Weitz JI, Johnston M, Yi Q, Yusuf S (2003) Aspirin-resistant thromboxane biosynthesis and the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death in patients at high risk for cardiovascular events. Circulation 105:1650–1655 Eikelboom JW, Hirsh J, Weitz JI, Johnston M, Yi Q, Yusuf S (2003) Aspirin-resistant thromboxane biosynthesis and the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death in patients at high risk for cardiovascular events. Circulation 105:1650–1655
Zurück zum Zitat Eikelboom JW, Quinlan DJ, Mehta SR, Turpie AG, Menown IB, Yusuf S (2005) Unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparin as adjuncts to thrombolysis in aspirin-treated patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of the randomized trials. Circulation 112:3855–3867PubMed Eikelboom JW, Quinlan DJ, Mehta SR, Turpie AG, Menown IB, Yusuf S (2005) Unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparin as adjuncts to thrombolysis in aspirin-treated patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of the randomized trials. Circulation 112:3855–3867PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Brueckmann M, Granger CB, Kappetein AP, Mack MJ, Blatchford J, Devenny K, Friedman J, Guiver K, Harper R, Khder Y, Lobmeyer MT, Maas H, Voigt JU, Simoons ML, RE-ALIGN Investigators (2013) Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves. N Engl J Med 369:1206–1214PubMed Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Brueckmann M, Granger CB, Kappetein AP, Mack MJ, Blatchford J, Devenny K, Friedman J, Guiver K, Harper R, Khder Y, Lobmeyer MT, Maas H, Voigt JU, Simoons ML, RE-ALIGN Investigators (2013) Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves. N Engl J Med 369:1206–1214PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Bosch J, Dagenais GR, Hart RG, Shestakovska O, Diaz R, Alings M, Lonn EM, Anand SS, Widimsky P, Hori M, Avezum A, Piegas LS, Branch KRH, Probstfield J, Bhatt DL, Zhu J, Liang Y, Maggioni AP, Lopez-Jaramillo P, O’Donnell M, Kakkar AK, Fox KAA, Parkhomenko AN, Ertl G, Störk S, Keltai M, Ryden L, Pogosova N, Dans AL, Lanas F, Commerford PJ, Torp-Pedersen C, Guzik TJ, Verhamme PB, Vinereanu D, Kim JH, Tonkin AM, Lewis BS, Felix C, Yusoff K, Steg PG, Metsarinne KP, Cook Bruns N, Misselwitz F, Chen E, Leong D, Yusuf S, COMPASS Investigators (2017) Rivaroxaban with or without Aspirin in Stable Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med 377:1319–1330PubMed Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Bosch J, Dagenais GR, Hart RG, Shestakovska O, Diaz R, Alings M, Lonn EM, Anand SS, Widimsky P, Hori M, Avezum A, Piegas LS, Branch KRH, Probstfield J, Bhatt DL, Zhu J, Liang Y, Maggioni AP, Lopez-Jaramillo P, O’Donnell M, Kakkar AK, Fox KAA, Parkhomenko AN, Ertl G, Störk S, Keltai M, Ryden L, Pogosova N, Dans AL, Lanas F, Commerford PJ, Torp-Pedersen C, Guzik TJ, Verhamme PB, Vinereanu D, Kim JH, Tonkin AM, Lewis BS, Felix C, Yusoff K, Steg PG, Metsarinne KP, Cook Bruns N, Misselwitz F, Chen E, Leong D, Yusuf S, COMPASS Investigators (2017) Rivaroxaban with or without Aspirin in Stable Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med 377:1319–1330PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Erkens PM, Prins MH (2010) Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin for venous thromboembolism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 9: CD001100 Erkens PM, Prins MH (2010) Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin for venous thromboembolism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 9: CD001100
Zurück zum Zitat Giangrande P, Seitz R, Behr-Gross ME, Berger K, Hilger A, Klein H, Schramm W, Mannucci PM, Kreuth III (2014) European consensus proposals for treatment of haemophilia with coagulation factor concentrates. Haemophilia 20:322–325PubMed Giangrande P, Seitz R, Behr-Gross ME, Berger K, Hilger A, Klein H, Schramm W, Mannucci PM, Kreuth III (2014) European consensus proposals for treatment of haemophilia with coagulation factor concentrates. Haemophilia 20:322–325PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Giugliano RP, Ruff CT, Braunwald E, Murphy SA, Wiviott SD, Halperin JL, Waldo AL, Ezekowitz MD, Weitz JI, Špinar J, Ruzyllo W, Ruda M, Koretsune Y, Betcher J, Shi M, Grip LT, Patel SP, Patel I, Hanyok JJ, Mercuri M, Antman EM, ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Investigators (2013) Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 369:2093–2104PubMed Giugliano RP, Ruff CT, Braunwald E, Murphy SA, Wiviott SD, Halperin JL, Waldo AL, Ezekowitz MD, Weitz JI, Špinar J, Ruzyllo W, Ruda M, Koretsune Y, Betcher J, Shi M, Grip LT, Patel SP, Patel I, Hanyok JJ, Mercuri M, Antman EM, ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Investigators (2013) Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 369:2093–2104PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Gould MK, Dembitzer AD, Doyle RL, Hastie TJ, Garber AM (1999) Low-molecular-weight heparins compared with unfractionated heparin for treatment of acute deep venous thrombosis. A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 130:800–809PubMed Gould MK, Dembitzer AD, Doyle RL, Hastie TJ, Garber AM (1999) Low-molecular-weight heparins compared with unfractionated heparin for treatment of acute deep venous thrombosis. A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 130:800–809PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, Lopes RD, Hylek EM, Hanna M, Al-Khalidi HR, Ansell J, Atar D, Avezum A, Bahit MC, Diaz R, Easton JD, Ezekowitz JA, Flaker G, Garcia D, Geraldes M, Gersh BJ, Golitsyn S, Goto S, Hermosillo AG, Hohnloser SH, Horowitz J, Mohan P, Jansky P, Lewis BS, Lopez-Sendon JL, Pais P, Parkhomenko A, Verheugt FW, Zhu J, Wallentin L, ARISTOTLE Committees and Investigators (2011) Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 365:981–992PubMed Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, Lopes RD, Hylek EM, Hanna M, Al-Khalidi HR, Ansell J, Atar D, Avezum A, Bahit MC, Diaz R, Easton JD, Ezekowitz JA, Flaker G, Garcia D, Geraldes M, Gersh BJ, Golitsyn S, Goto S, Hermosillo AG, Hohnloser SH, Horowitz J, Mohan P, Jansky P, Lewis BS, Lopez-Sendon JL, Pais P, Parkhomenko A, Verheugt FW, Zhu J, Wallentin L, ARISTOTLE Committees and Investigators (2011) Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 365:981–992PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Greinacher A (2015) Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med 373:252–261PubMed Greinacher A (2015) Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med 373:252–261PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Greinacher A, Warkentin TE (2008) Risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients receiving thromboprophylaxis. Expert Rev Hematol 1:75–85PubMed Greinacher A, Warkentin TE (2008) Risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients receiving thromboprophylaxis. Expert Rev Hematol 1:75–85PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Gum PA, Kottke-Marchant K, Poggio ED, Gurm H, Welsh PA, Brooks L, Sapp SK, Topol EJ (2001) Profile and prevalence of aspirin resistance in patients with cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol 88:230–235PubMed Gum PA, Kottke-Marchant K, Poggio ED, Gurm H, Welsh PA, Brooks L, Sapp SK, Topol EJ (2001) Profile and prevalence of aspirin resistance in patients with cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol 88:230–235PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Gómez-Outes A, Terleira-Fernández AI, Suárez-Gea ML, Vargas-Castrillón E (2012) Dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or apixaban versus enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after total hip or knee replacement: systematic review, meta-analysis, and indirect treatment comparisons. BMJ 344:e3675PubMedPubMedCentral Gómez-Outes A, Terleira-Fernández AI, Suárez-Gea ML, Vargas-Castrillón E (2012) Dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or apixaban versus enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after total hip or knee replacement: systematic review, meta-analysis, and indirect treatment comparisons. BMJ 344:e3675PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Hao C, Sun M, Wang H, Zhang L, Wang W (2019) Low molecular weight heparins and their clinical applications. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 163:21–39PubMed Hao C, Sun M, Wang H, Zhang L, Wang W (2019) Low molecular weight heparins and their clinical applications. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 163:21–39PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Hiatt WR, Fowkes FG, Heizer G, Berger JS, Baumgartner I, Held P, Katona BG, Mahaffey KW, Norgren L, Jones WS, Blomster J, Millegård M, Reist C, Patel MR, EUCLID Trial Steering Committee and Investigators (2017) Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in symptomatic peripheral artery disease. N Engl J Med 376:32–40PubMed Hiatt WR, Fowkes FG, Heizer G, Berger JS, Baumgartner I, Held P, Katona BG, Mahaffey KW, Norgren L, Jones WS, Blomster J, Millegård M, Reist C, Patel MR, EUCLID Trial Steering Committee and Investigators (2017) Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in symptomatic peripheral artery disease. N Engl J Med 376:32–40PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Hohnloser SH, Basic E, Hohmann C, Nabauer M (2018) Effectiveness and Safety of Non-Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants in Comparison to Phenprocoumon: Data from 61,000 Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Thromb Haemost 118:526–538PubMed Hohnloser SH, Basic E, Hohmann C, Nabauer M (2018) Effectiveness and Safety of Non-Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants in Comparison to Phenprocoumon: Data from 61,000 Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Thromb Haemost 118:526–538PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Hoots WK, Nugent DJ (2006) Evidence for the benefits of prophylaxis in the management of hemophilia A. Thromb Haemost 96:433–440PubMed Hoots WK, Nugent DJ (2006) Evidence for the benefits of prophylaxis in the management of hemophilia A. Thromb Haemost 96:433–440PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, Calkins H, Cigarroa JE, Cleveland JC Jr, Conti JB, Ellinor PT, Ezekowitz MD, Field ME, Murray KT, Sacco RL, Stevenson WG, Tchou PJ, Tracy CM, Yancy CW, ACC/AHA Task Force Members (2014) 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 130:2071–2104PubMed January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, Calkins H, Cigarroa JE, Cleveland JC Jr, Conti JB, Ellinor PT, Ezekowitz MD, Field ME, Murray KT, Sacco RL, Stevenson WG, Tchou PJ, Tracy CM, Yancy CW, ACC/AHA Task Force Members (2014) 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 130:2071–2104PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Kavakli K, Yang R, Rusen L, Beckmann H, Tseneklidou-Stoeter D, Maas Enriquez M, LEOPOLD II Study Investigators (2015) Prophylaxis vs. on-demand treatment with BAY 81-8973, a full-length plasma protein-free recombinant factor VIII product: results from a randomized trial (LEOPOLD II). J Thromb Haemost 13:360–369PubMedPubMedCentral Kavakli K, Yang R, Rusen L, Beckmann H, Tseneklidou-Stoeter D, Maas Enriquez M, LEOPOLD II Study Investigators (2015) Prophylaxis vs. on-demand treatment with BAY 81-8973, a full-length plasma protein-free recombinant factor VIII product: results from a randomized trial (LEOPOLD II). J Thromb Haemost 13:360–369PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Kearon C, Akl EA, Comerota AJ, Prandoni P, Bounameaux H, Goldhaber SZ, Nelson ME, Wells PS, Gould MK, Dentali F, Crowther M, Kahn SR, American College of Chest Physicians (2012) Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 141(2 Suppl):e419S–94SPubMedPubMedCentral Kearon C, Akl EA, Comerota AJ, Prandoni P, Bounameaux H, Goldhaber SZ, Nelson ME, Wells PS, Gould MK, Dentali F, Crowther M, Kahn SR, American College of Chest Physicians (2012) Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 141(2 Suppl):e419S–94SPubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, Ahlsson A, Atar D, Casadei B, Castella M, Diener HC, Heidbuchel H, Hendriks J, Hindricks G, Manolis AS, Oldgren J, Popescu BA, Schotten U, Van Putte B, Vardas P, Agewall S, Camm J, Baron Esquivias G, Budts W, Carerj S, Casselman F, Coca A, De Caterina R, Deftereos S, Dobrev D, Ferro JM, Filippatos G, Fitzsimons D, Gorenek B, Guenoun M, Hohnloser SH, Kolh P, Lip GY, Manolis A, McMurray J, Ponikowski P, Rosenhek R, Ruschitzka F, Savelieva I, Sharma S, Suwalski P, Tamargo JL, Taylor CJ, Van Gelder IC, Voors AA, Windecker S, Zamorano JL, Zeppenfeld K (2016) ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J 37:2893–2962PubMed Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, Ahlsson A, Atar D, Casadei B, Castella M, Diener HC, Heidbuchel H, Hendriks J, Hindricks G, Manolis AS, Oldgren J, Popescu BA, Schotten U, Van Putte B, Vardas P, Agewall S, Camm J, Baron Esquivias G, Budts W, Carerj S, Casselman F, Coca A, De Caterina R, Deftereos S, Dobrev D, Ferro JM, Filippatos G, Fitzsimons D, Gorenek B, Guenoun M, Hohnloser SH, Kolh P, Lip GY, Manolis A, McMurray J, Ponikowski P, Rosenhek R, Ruschitzka F, Savelieva I, Sharma S, Suwalski P, Tamargo JL, Taylor CJ, Van Gelder IC, Voors AA, Windecker S, Zamorano JL, Zeppenfeld K (2016) ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J 37:2893–2962PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Koch A, Ziegler S, Breitschwerdt H, Victor N (2001) Low molecular weight heparin and unfractionated heparin in thrombosis prophylaxis: meta-analysis based on original patient data. Thromb Res 102:295–309PubMed Koch A, Ziegler S, Breitschwerdt H, Victor N (2001) Low molecular weight heparin and unfractionated heparin in thrombosis prophylaxis: meta-analysis based on original patient data. Thromb Res 102:295–309PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Kodumuri V, Adigopula S, Singh P, Swaminathan P, Arora R, Khosla S (2011) Comparison of low molecular weight heparin with unfractionated heparin during percutaneous coronary interventions: a meta-analysis. Am J Ther 18:180–189PubMed Kodumuri V, Adigopula S, Singh P, Swaminathan P, Arora R, Khosla S (2011) Comparison of low molecular weight heparin with unfractionated heparin during percutaneous coronary interventions: a meta-analysis. Am J Ther 18:180–189PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Larsen TB, Skjøth F, Nielsen PB, Kjældgaard JN, Lip GY (2016) Comparative effectiveness and safety of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: propensity weighted nationwide cohort study. BMJ 353:i3189PubMedPubMedCentral Larsen TB, Skjøth F, Nielsen PB, Kjældgaard JN, Lip GY (2016) Comparative effectiveness and safety of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: propensity weighted nationwide cohort study. BMJ 353:i3189PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Lensing AWA, Prins MH, Davidson BL, Hirsh J (1995) Treatment of deep venous thrombosis with low-molecular-weight heparins: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 155:601–607PubMed Lensing AWA, Prins MH, Davidson BL, Hirsh J (1995) Treatment of deep venous thrombosis with low-molecular-weight heparins: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 155:601–607PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Levine GN, Bates ER, Bittl JA, Brindis RG, Fihn SD, Fleisher LA, Granger CB, Lange RA, Mack MJ, Mauri L, Mehran R, Mukherjee D, Newby LK, O’Gara PT, Sabatine MS, Smith PK, Smith SC Jr. (2016) 2016 ACC/AHA Guideline Focused Update on Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 68:1082–1115PubMed Levine GN, Bates ER, Bittl JA, Brindis RG, Fihn SD, Fleisher LA, Granger CB, Lange RA, Mack MJ, Mauri L, Mehran R, Mukherjee D, Newby LK, O’Gara PT, Sabatine MS, Smith PK, Smith SC Jr. (2016) 2016 ACC/AHA Guideline Focused Update on Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 68:1082–1115PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Manco-Johnson MJ, Kempton CL, Reding MT, Lissitchkov T, Goranov S, Gercheva L, Rusen L, Ghinea M, Uscatescu V, Rescia V, Hong W (2014) Randomized, controlled, parallel-group trial of routine prophylaxis vs. on-demand treatment with sucrose-formulated recombinant factor VIII in adults with severe hemophilia A (SPINART). J Thromb Haemost 11:1119–1127 Manco-Johnson MJ, Kempton CL, Reding MT, Lissitchkov T, Goranov S, Gercheva L, Rusen L, Ghinea M, Uscatescu V, Rescia V, Hong W (2014) Randomized, controlled, parallel-group trial of routine prophylaxis vs. on-demand treatment with sucrose-formulated recombinant factor VIII in adults with severe hemophilia A (SPINART). J Thromb Haemost 11:1119–1127
Zurück zum Zitat Martel N, Lee J, Wells PS (2005) Risk for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparin thromboprophylaxis: a meta-analysis. Blood 106:2710–2715PubMed Martel N, Lee J, Wells PS (2005) Risk for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparin thromboprophylaxis: a meta-analysis. Blood 106:2710–2715PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Mauri L, Kereiakes DJ, Yeh RW, Driscoll-Shempp P, Cutlip DE, Steg PG, Normand SL, Braunwald E, Wiviott SD, Cohen DJ, Holmes DR Jr, Krucoff MW, Hermiller J, Dauerman HL, Simon DI, Kandzari DE, Garratt KN, Lee DP, Pow TK, Ver LP, Rinaldi MJ, Massaro JM, DAPT Study Investigators (2014) Twelve or 30 months of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stents. N Engl J Med 371:2155–2166PubMedPubMedCentral Mauri L, Kereiakes DJ, Yeh RW, Driscoll-Shempp P, Cutlip DE, Steg PG, Normand SL, Braunwald E, Wiviott SD, Cohen DJ, Holmes DR Jr, Krucoff MW, Hermiller J, Dauerman HL, Simon DI, Kandzari DE, Garratt KN, Lee DP, Pow TK, Ver LP, Rinaldi MJ, Massaro JM, DAPT Study Investigators (2014) Twelve or 30 months of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stents. N Engl J Med 371:2155–2166PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Peters RJG, Bertrand ME, Lewis BL, Natarajan MK, Malmberg K, Rupprecht H, Zhao F, Chrolavicius S, Copland I, Fox KA, Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent Events trial (CURE) Investigators (2001) Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients underoing percutaneous coronary intervention: The PCI-CURE study. Lancet 358:527–533PubMed Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Peters RJG, Bertrand ME, Lewis BL, Natarajan MK, Malmberg K, Rupprecht H, Zhao F, Chrolavicius S, Copland I, Fox KA, Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent Events trial (CURE) Investigators (2001) Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients underoing percutaneous coronary intervention: The PCI-CURE study. Lancet 358:527–533PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Mismetti P, Laporte S, Darmon J-Y, Buchmüller A, Decousus H (2001) Meta-analysis of low molecular weight heparin in the prevention of venous thromboembolism in general surgery. Br J Surg 88:913–930PubMed Mismetti P, Laporte S, Darmon J-Y, Buchmüller A, Decousus H (2001) Meta-analysis of low molecular weight heparin in the prevention of venous thromboembolism in general surgery. Br J Surg 88:913–930PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Murphy SA, Gibson CM, Morrow DA, Van de Werf F, Menown IB, Goodman SG, Mahaffey KW, Cohen M, McCabe CH, Antman EM, Braunwald E (2007) Efficacy and safety of the low-molecular weight heparin enoxaparin compared with unfractionated heparin across the acute coronary syndrome spectrum: a meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 28:2077–2086PubMed Murphy SA, Gibson CM, Morrow DA, Van de Werf F, Menown IB, Goodman SG, Mahaffey KW, Cohen M, McCabe CH, Antman EM, Braunwald E (2007) Efficacy and safety of the low-molecular weight heparin enoxaparin compared with unfractionated heparin across the acute coronary syndrome spectrum: a meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 28:2077–2086PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat National Institute for Health and Care Exellence (2014) Atrial fibrillation: the management of atrial fibrillation. Issued: June 2014 last modified: August 2014. NICE clinical guideline 180. guidance.nice.org.uk/cg180 National Institute for Health and Care Exellence (2014) Atrial fibrillation: the management of atrial fibrillation. Issued: June 2014 last modified: August 2014. NICE clinical guideline 180. guidance.nice.org.uk/cg180
Zurück zum Zitat Neumann I, Rada G, Claro JC, Carrasco-Labra A, Thorlund K, Akl EA, Bates SM, Guyatt GH (2012) Oral direct Factor Xa inhibitors versus low-molecular-weight heparin to prevent venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing total hip or knee replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 156:710–719PubMed Neumann I, Rada G, Claro JC, Carrasco-Labra A, Thorlund K, Akl EA, Bates SM, Guyatt GH (2012) Oral direct Factor Xa inhibitors versus low-molecular-weight heparin to prevent venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing total hip or knee replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 156:710–719PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Nielsen PB, Skjøth F, Søgaard M, Kjældgaard JN, Lip GY, Larsen TB (2017) Effectiveness and safety of reduced dose non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: propensity weighted nationwide cohort study. BMJ 356:j510PubMedPubMedCentral Nielsen PB, Skjøth F, Søgaard M, Kjældgaard JN, Lip GY, Larsen TB (2017) Effectiveness and safety of reduced dose non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: propensity weighted nationwide cohort study. BMJ 356:j510PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Othieno R, Affan AM, Okpo E (2007) Home versus in-patient treatment for deep vein thrombosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3: CD003076 Othieno R, Affan AM, Okpo E (2007) Home versus in-patient treatment for deep vein thrombosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3: CD003076
Zurück zum Zitat Park SJ, Park DW, Kim YH, Kang SJ, Lee SW, Lee CW, Han KH, Park SW, Yun SC, Lee SG, Rha SW, Seong IW, Jeong MH, Hur SH, Lee NH, Yoon J, Yang JY, Lee BK, Choi YJ, Chung WS, Lim DS, Cheong SS, Kim KS, Chae JK, Nah DY, Jeon DS, Seung KB, Jang JS, Park HS, Lee K (2010) Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after implantation of drug-eluting stents. N Engl J Med 362:1374–1382PubMed Park SJ, Park DW, Kim YH, Kang SJ, Lee SW, Lee CW, Han KH, Park SW, Yun SC, Lee SG, Rha SW, Seong IW, Jeong MH, Hur SH, Lee NH, Yoon J, Yang JY, Lee BK, Choi YJ, Chung WS, Lim DS, Cheong SS, Kim KS, Chae JK, Nah DY, Jeon DS, Seung KB, Jang JS, Park HS, Lee K (2010) Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after implantation of drug-eluting stents. N Engl J Med 362:1374–1382PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, Pan G, Singer DE, Hacke W, Breithardt G, Halperin JL, Hankey GJ, Piccini JP, Becker RC, Nessel CC, Paolini JF, Berkowitz SD, Fox KA, Califf RM, ROCKET AF Investigators (2011) Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 365:883–891PubMed Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, Pan G, Singer DE, Hacke W, Breithardt G, Halperin JL, Hankey GJ, Piccini JP, Becker RC, Nessel CC, Paolini JF, Berkowitz SD, Fox KA, Califf RM, ROCKET AF Investigators (2011) Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 365:883–891PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Piccini JP, Hellkamp AS, Lokhnygina Y, Patel MR, Harrell FE, Singer DE, Becker RC, Breithardt G, Halperin JL, Hankey GJ, Berkowitz SD, Nessel CC, Mahaffey KW, Fox KA, Califf RM, ROCKET AF Investigators (2014) Relationship between time in therapeutic range and comparative treatment effect of rivaroxaban and warfarin: results from the ROCKET AF trial. J Am Heart Assoc 3(2). https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.113.000521CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Piccini JP, Hellkamp AS, Lokhnygina Y, Patel MR, Harrell FE, Singer DE, Becker RC, Breithardt G, Halperin JL, Hankey GJ, Berkowitz SD, Nessel CC, Mahaffey KW, Fox KA, Califf RM, ROCKET AF Investigators (2014) Relationship between time in therapeutic range and comparative treatment effect of rivaroxaban and warfarin: results from the ROCKET AF trial. J Am Heart Assoc 3(2). https://​doi.​org/​10.​1161/​JAHA.​113.​000521CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Piran S, Le Gal G, Wells PS, Gandara E, Righini M, Rodger MA, Carrier M (2013) Outpatient treatment of symptomatic pulmonary embolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thromb Res 132:515–519PubMed Piran S, Le Gal G, Wells PS, Gandara E, Righini M, Rodger MA, Carrier M (2013) Outpatient treatment of symptomatic pulmonary embolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thromb Res 132:515–519PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Qiao J, Zhang X, Zhang J, Li P, Xu B, Wang S, Jiang H, Shen Y, Wang K (2016) Comparison between fondaparinux and low-molecular-weight heparin in patients with acute coronary syndrome: A meta-analysis. Cardiology 133:163–172PubMed Qiao J, Zhang X, Zhang J, Li P, Xu B, Wang S, Jiang H, Shen Y, Wang K (2016) Comparison between fondaparinux and low-molecular-weight heparin in patients with acute coronary syndrome: A meta-analysis. Cardiology 133:163–172PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Raskob GE, van Es N, Verhamme P, Carrier M, Di Nisio M, Garcia D, Grosso MA, Kakkar AK, Kovacs MJ, Mercuri MF, Meyer G, Segers A, Shi M, Wang TF, Yeo E, Zhang G, Zwicker JI, Weitz JI, Büller HR, Hokusai VTE Cancer Investigators (2018) Edoxaban for the Treatment of Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 378:615–624PubMed Raskob GE, van Es N, Verhamme P, Carrier M, Di Nisio M, Garcia D, Grosso MA, Kakkar AK, Kovacs MJ, Mercuri MF, Meyer G, Segers A, Shi M, Wang TF, Yeo E, Zhang G, Zwicker JI, Weitz JI, Büller HR, Hokusai VTE Cancer Investigators (2018) Edoxaban for the Treatment of Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 378:615–624PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Reilly PA, Lehr T, Haertter S, Connolly SJ, Yusuf S, Eikelboom JW, Ezekowitz MD, Nehmiz G, Wang S, Wallentin L, RE-LY Investigators (2014) The effect of dabigatran plasma concentrations and patient characteristics on the frequency of ischemic stroke and major bleeding in atrial fibrillation patients: the RE-LY Trial (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy). J Am Coll Cardiol 63:321–328PubMed Reilly PA, Lehr T, Haertter S, Connolly SJ, Yusuf S, Eikelboom JW, Ezekowitz MD, Nehmiz G, Wang S, Wallentin L, RE-LY Investigators (2014) The effect of dabigatran plasma concentrations and patient characteristics on the frequency of ischemic stroke and major bleeding in atrial fibrillation patients: the RE-LY Trial (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy). J Am Coll Cardiol 63:321–328PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Romualdi E, Donadini MP, Ageno W (2011) Oral rivaroxaban after symptomatic venous thromboembolism: the continued treatment study (EINSTEIN-extension study). Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 9:841–844PubMed Romualdi E, Donadini MP, Ageno W (2011) Oral rivaroxaban after symptomatic venous thromboembolism: the continued treatment study (EINSTEIN-extension study). Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 9:841–844PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Ruff CT, Giugliano RP, Braunwald E, Hoffman EB, Deenadayalu N, Ezekowitz MD, Camm AJ, Weitz JI, Lewis BS, Parkhomenko A, Yamashita T, Antman EM (2014) Comparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 383:955–962PubMed Ruff CT, Giugliano RP, Braunwald E, Hoffman EB, Deenadayalu N, Ezekowitz MD, Camm AJ, Weitz JI, Lewis BS, Parkhomenko A, Yamashita T, Antman EM (2014) Comparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 383:955–962PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Sabatine MS, Cannon CP, Gibson CM, López-Sendón JL, Montalescot G, Theroux P, Lewis BS, Murphy SA, McCabe CH, Braunwald E, Clopidogrel as Adjunctive Reperfusion Therapy (CLARITY)-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 28 Investigators (2005) Effect of clopidogrel pretreatment before percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with fibrinolytics: the PCI-CLARITY study. JAMA 294:1224–1232PubMed Sabatine MS, Cannon CP, Gibson CM, López-Sendón JL, Montalescot G, Theroux P, Lewis BS, Murphy SA, McCabe CH, Braunwald E, Clopidogrel as Adjunctive Reperfusion Therapy (CLARITY)-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 28 Investigators (2005) Effect of clopidogrel pretreatment before percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with fibrinolytics: the PCI-CLARITY study. JAMA 294:1224–1232PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Mismetti P, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Baanstra D, Schnee J, Goldhaber SZ, Group R-CS (2009) Dabigatran versus warfarin in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 361:2342–2352PubMed Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Mismetti P, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Baanstra D, Schnee J, Goldhaber SZ, Group R-CS (2009) Dabigatran versus warfarin in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 361:2342–2352PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Baanstra D, Kvamme AM, Friedman J, Mismetti P, Goldhaber SZ, RE-MEDY Trial Investigators, RE-SONATE Trial Investigators (2013) Extended use of dabigatran, warfarin, or placebo in venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 368:709–718PubMed Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Baanstra D, Kvamme AM, Friedman J, Mismetti P, Goldhaber SZ, RE-MEDY Trial Investigators, RE-SONATE Trial Investigators (2013) Extended use of dabigatran, warfarin, or placebo in venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 368:709–718PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Schulman S, Kakkar AK, Goldhaber SZ, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Mismetti P, Christiansen AV, Friedman J, Le Maulf F, Peter N, Kearon C, Investigators R-CIT (2014) Treatment of acute venous thromboembolism with dabigatran or warfarin and pooled analysis. Circulation 129:764–772PubMed Schulman S, Kakkar AK, Goldhaber SZ, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Mismetti P, Christiansen AV, Friedman J, Le Maulf F, Peter N, Kearon C, Investigators R-CIT (2014) Treatment of acute venous thromboembolism with dabigatran or warfarin and pooled analysis. Circulation 129:764–772PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Simon T, Verstuyft C, Mary-Krause M, Quteineh L, Drouet E, Méneveau N, Steg PG, Ferrières J, Danchin N, Becquemont L, French Registry of Acute ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (FAST-MI) Investigators (2009) Genetic determinants of response to clopidogrel and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 360:363–375PubMed Simon T, Verstuyft C, Mary-Krause M, Quteineh L, Drouet E, Méneveau N, Steg PG, Ferrières J, Danchin N, Becquemont L, French Registry of Acute ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (FAST-MI) Investigators (2009) Genetic determinants of response to clopidogrel and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 360:363–375PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Sjögren V, Grzymala-Lubanski B, Renlund H, Friberg L, Lip GY, Svensson PJ, Själander A (2015) Safety and efficacy of well managed warfarin. A report from the Swedish quality register Auricula. Thromb Haemost 113:1370–1377PubMed Sjögren V, Grzymala-Lubanski B, Renlund H, Friberg L, Lip GY, Svensson PJ, Själander A (2015) Safety and efficacy of well managed warfarin. A report from the Swedish quality register Auricula. Thromb Haemost 113:1370–1377PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Sobieraj DM, Coleman CI, Tongbram V, Chen W, Colby J, Lee S, Kluger J, Makanji S, Ashaye A, White CM (2012) Comparative effectiveness of low-molecular-weight heparins versus other anticoagulants in major orthopedic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacotherapy 32:799–808PubMed Sobieraj DM, Coleman CI, Tongbram V, Chen W, Colby J, Lee S, Kluger J, Makanji S, Ashaye A, White CM (2012) Comparative effectiveness of low-molecular-weight heparins versus other anticoagulants in major orthopedic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacotherapy 32:799–808PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Stangier J, Rathgen K, Stahle H, Mazur D (2010) Influence of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral dabigatran etexilate: an open-label, parallel-group, single-centre study. Clin Pharmacokinet 49:259–268PubMed Stangier J, Rathgen K, Stahle H, Mazur D (2010) Influence of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral dabigatran etexilate: an open-label, parallel-group, single-centre study. Clin Pharmacokinet 49:259–268PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat The ACTIVE Investigators (2009) Effect of clopidogrel added to aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 360:2066–2078 The ACTIVE Investigators (2009) Effect of clopidogrel added to aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 360:2066–2078
Zurück zum Zitat The ACTIVE Writing Group of the ACTIVE Investigators (2006) Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation in the Atrial fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for prevention of Vascular Events (ACTIVE W): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 367:1903-1912 The ACTIVE Writing Group of the ACTIVE Investigators (2006) Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation in the Atrial fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for prevention of Vascular Events (ACTIVE W): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 367:1903-1912
Zurück zum Zitat The Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events Trial Investigators (2001) Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 345:494–502 The Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events Trial Investigators (2001) Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 345:494–502
Zurück zum Zitat The EINSTEIN Investigators (2010) Oral rivaroxaban for symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 363:2499–2510 The EINSTEIN Investigators (2010) Oral rivaroxaban for symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 363:2499–2510
Zurück zum Zitat The EINSTEIN-PE Investigators (2012) Oral rivaroxaban for the treatment of symptomatic pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 366:1287–1297 The EINSTEIN-PE Investigators (2012) Oral rivaroxaban for the treatment of symptomatic pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 366:1287–1297
Zurück zum Zitat The Hokusai-VTE Investigators (2013) Edoxaban versus warfarin for the treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 369:1406–1415 The Hokusai-VTE Investigators (2013) Edoxaban versus warfarin for the treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 369:1406–1415
Zurück zum Zitat The Warfarin Antiplatelet Vascular Evaluation Trial Investigators (2007) Oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy and peripheral arterial disease. N Engl J Med 357:217–227 The Warfarin Antiplatelet Vascular Evaluation Trial Investigators (2007) Oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy and peripheral arterial disease. N Engl J Med 357:217–227
Zurück zum Zitat Ujeyl M, Köster I, Wille H, Stammschulte T, Hein R, Harder S, Gundert-Remy U, Bleek J, Ihle P, Schröder H, Schillinger G, Zawinell A, Schubert I (2018) Comparative risks of bleeding, ischemic stroke and mortality with direct oral anticoagulants versus phenprocoumon in patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur J Clin Pharmacol:16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-018-2504-7CrossRefPubMed Ujeyl M, Köster I, Wille H, Stammschulte T, Hein R, Harder S, Gundert-Remy U, Bleek J, Ihle P, Schröder H, Schillinger G, Zawinell A, Schubert I (2018) Comparative risks of bleeding, ischemic stroke and mortality with direct oral anticoagulants versus phenprocoumon in patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur J Clin Pharmacol:16. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s00228-018-2504-7CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Valgimigli M, Bueno H, Byrne RA, Collet JP, Costa F, Jeppsson A, Jüni P, Kastrati A, Kolh P, Mauri L, Montalescot G, Neumann FJ, Petricevic M, Roffi M, Steg PG, Windecker S, Zamorano JL, Levine GN, ESC Scientific Document Group, ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG), ESC National Cardiac Societies (2018) 2017 ESC focused update on dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease developed in collaboration with EACTS: The Task Force for dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J 39:213–260PubMed Valgimigli M, Bueno H, Byrne RA, Collet JP, Costa F, Jeppsson A, Jüni P, Kastrati A, Kolh P, Mauri L, Montalescot G, Neumann FJ, Petricevic M, Roffi M, Steg PG, Windecker S, Zamorano JL, Levine GN, ESC Scientific Document Group, ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG), ESC National Cardiac Societies (2018) 2017 ESC focused update on dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease developed in collaboration with EACTS: The Task Force for dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J 39:213–260PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Verdoia M, Schaffer A, Barbieri L, Suryapranata H, De Luca G (2016) Bivalirudin Versus Unfractionated Heparin in Acute Coronary Syndromes: An Updated Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials. Rev Esp Cardiol (engl Ed) 69:732–745 Verdoia M, Schaffer A, Barbieri L, Suryapranata H, De Luca G (2016) Bivalirudin Versus Unfractionated Heparin in Acute Coronary Syndromes: An Updated Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials. Rev Esp Cardiol (engl Ed) 69:732–745
Zurück zum Zitat Wallentin L, Becker RC, Budaj A, Cannon CP, Emanuelsson H, Held C, Horrow J, Husted S, James S, Katus H, Mahaffey KW, Scirica BM, Skene A, Steg PG, Storey RF, Harrington RA, Thorsén M, PLATO Investigators (2009) Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 361:1045–1057PubMed Wallentin L, Becker RC, Budaj A, Cannon CP, Emanuelsson H, Held C, Horrow J, Husted S, James S, Katus H, Mahaffey KW, Scirica BM, Skene A, Steg PG, Storey RF, Harrington RA, Thorsén M, PLATO Investigators (2009) Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 361:1045–1057PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Wallentin L, Yusuf S, Ezekowitz MD, Alings M, Flather M, Franzosi MG, Pais P, Dans A, Eikelboom J, Oldgren J, Pogue J, Reilly PA, Yang S, Connolly SJ, RE-LY investigators (2010) Efficacy and safety of dabigatran compared with warfarin at different levels of international normalised ratio control for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: an analysis of the RE-LY trial. Lancet 376:975–983PubMed Wallentin L, Yusuf S, Ezekowitz MD, Alings M, Flather M, Franzosi MG, Pais P, Dans A, Eikelboom J, Oldgren J, Pogue J, Reilly PA, Yang S, Connolly SJ, RE-LY investigators (2010) Efficacy and safety of dabigatran compared with warfarin at different levels of international normalised ratio control for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: an analysis of the RE-LY trial. Lancet 376:975–983PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Wallentin L, Lopes RD, Hanna M, Thomas L, Hellkamp A, Nepal S, Hylek EM, Al-Khatib SM, Alexander JH, Alings M, Amerena J, Ansell J, Aylward P, Bartunek J, Commerford P, De Caterina R, Erol C, Harjola VP, Held C, Horowitz JD, Huber K, Husted S, Keltai M, Lanas F, Lisheng L, McMurray JJ, Oh BH, Rosenqvist M, Ruzyllo W, Steg PG, Vinereanu D, Xavier D, Granger CB, Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) Investigators (2013) Efficacy and safety of apixaban compared with warfarin at different levels of predicted international normalized ratio control for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. Circulation 127:2166–2176PubMed Wallentin L, Lopes RD, Hanna M, Thomas L, Hellkamp A, Nepal S, Hylek EM, Al-Khatib SM, Alexander JH, Alings M, Amerena J, Ansell J, Aylward P, Bartunek J, Commerford P, De Caterina R, Erol C, Harjola VP, Held C, Horowitz JD, Huber K, Husted S, Keltai M, Lanas F, Lisheng L, McMurray JJ, Oh BH, Rosenqvist M, Ruzyllo W, Steg PG, Vinereanu D, Xavier D, Granger CB, Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) Investigators (2013) Efficacy and safety of apixaban compared with warfarin at different levels of predicted international normalized ratio control for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. Circulation 127:2166–2176PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat White RH, Ginsberg JS (2003) Low-molecular-weight heparins: are thy all the same? Br J Hematol 121:12–20 White RH, Ginsberg JS (2003) Low-molecular-weight heparins: are thy all the same? Br J Hematol 121:12–20
Zurück zum Zitat Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, Montalescot G, Ruzyllo W, Gottlieb S, Neumann FJ, Ardissino D, De Servi S, Murphy SA, Riesmeyer J, Weerakkody G, Gibson CM, Antman EM, TRITON-TIMI 38 Investigators (2007) Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 357:2001–2015PubMed Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, Montalescot G, Ruzyllo W, Gottlieb S, Neumann FJ, Ardissino D, De Servi S, Murphy SA, Riesmeyer J, Weerakkody G, Gibson CM, Antman EM, TRITON-TIMI 38 Investigators (2007) Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 357:2001–2015PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Yao X, Abraham NS, Alexander GC, Crown W, Montori VM, Sangaralingham LR, Gersh BJ, Shah ND, Noseworthy PA (2016) Effect of adherence to oral anticoagulants on risk of stroke and major bleeding among patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Heart Assoc 5:pii: e3074 Yao X, Abraham NS, Alexander GC, Crown W, Montori VM, Sangaralingham LR, Gersh BJ, Shah ND, Noseworthy PA (2016) Effect of adherence to oral anticoagulants on risk of stroke and major bleeding among patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Heart Assoc 5:pii: e3074
Zurück zum Zitat Yao X, Shah ND, Sangaralingham LR, Gersh BJ, Noseworthy PA (2017) Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulant Dosing in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Renal Dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 69:2779–2790PubMed Yao X, Shah ND, Sangaralingham LR, Gersh BJ, Noseworthy PA (2017) Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulant Dosing in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Renal Dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 69:2779–2790PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Young AM, Marshall A, Thirlwall J, Chapman O, Lokare A, Hill C, Hale D, Dunn JA, Lyman GH, Hutchinson C, MacCallum P, Kakkar A, Hobbs FDR, Petrou S, Dale J, Poole CJ, Maraveyas A, Levine M (2018) Comparison of an Oral Factor Xa Inhibitor With Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Patients With Cancer With Venous Thromboembolism: Results of a Randomized Trial (SELECT-D). J Clin Oncol 36:2017–2023PubMed Young AM, Marshall A, Thirlwall J, Chapman O, Lokare A, Hill C, Hale D, Dunn JA, Lyman GH, Hutchinson C, MacCallum P, Kakkar A, Hobbs FDR, Petrou S, Dale J, Poole CJ, Maraveyas A, Levine M (2018) Comparison of an Oral Factor Xa Inhibitor With Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Patients With Cancer With Venous Thromboembolism: Results of a Randomized Trial (SELECT-D). J Clin Oncol 36:2017–2023PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Zed PJ, Tisdale JE, Borzak S (1999) Low-molecular-weight heparins in the management of acute coronary syndromes. Arch Intern Med 159:1849–1857PubMed Zed PJ, Tisdale JE, Borzak S (1999) Low-molecular-weight heparins in the management of acute coronary syndromes. Arch Intern Med 159:1849–1857PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Antithrombotika und Antihämorrhagika
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. Lutz Hein
Dr. med. Hans Wille
Copyright-Jahr
2019
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59046-1_19

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Bei seelischem Stress sind Checkpoint-Hemmer weniger wirksam

03.06.2024 NSCLC Nachrichten

Wie stark Menschen mit fortgeschrittenem NSCLC von einer Therapie mit Immun-Checkpoint-Hemmern profitieren, hängt offenbar auch davon ab, wie sehr die Diagnose ihre psychische Verfassung erschüttert

Antikörper mobilisiert Neutrophile gegen Krebs

03.06.2024 Onkologische Immuntherapie Nachrichten

Ein bispezifischer Antikörper formiert gezielt eine Armee neutrophiler Granulozyten gegen Krebszellen. An den Antikörper gekoppeltes TNF-alpha soll die Zellen zudem tief in solide Tumoren hineinführen.

Erhebliches Risiko für Kehlkopfkrebs bei mäßiger Dysplasie

29.05.2024 Larynxkarzinom Nachrichten

Fast ein Viertel der Personen mit mäßig dysplastischen Stimmlippenläsionen entwickelt einen Kehlkopftumor. Solche Personen benötigen daher eine besonders enge ärztliche Überwachung.

Nach Herzinfarkt mit Typ-1-Diabetes schlechtere Karten als mit Typ 2?

29.05.2024 Herzinfarkt Nachrichten

Bei Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes sind die Chancen, einen Myokardinfarkt zu überleben, in den letzten 15 Jahren deutlich gestiegen – nicht jedoch bei Betroffenen mit Typ 1.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.