Background
Methods
Data sources and search strategy
Database | PubMed |
---|---|
Date | 09/05/2021 |
strategy | #1 AND #2 AND #3 AND #4 AND #5 AND #6 AND #7 |
#1 | (sensorineural hearing loss[MeSH Terms]) OR (sensorineural hearing loss[Title]) OR (Hearing loss[Title]) OR (Hearing loss[MeSH Terms]) OR (Hearing Impairment[MeSH Terms]) OR (Hearing Impairment[Title]) OR (Hearing Impairments[Title]) OR (deafness[Title]) OR (deafness[MeSH Terms]) OR (hearing disorders[MeSH Terms]) OR (Hearing Disorders[Title]) OR (Hearing Disorder[Title]) OR (congenital hearing loss[Title]) OR (neonatal hearing loss[Title]) OR (newborn hearing loss[Title]) |
#2 | (neonatal screening[Title]) OR (newborn screening[Title]) OR (selective screening[Title]) OR (risk factor screening[Title]) OR (screenings[Title]) OR (mass screening[Title]) OR (universal screening[Title]) OR (newborn hearing screening[Title]) OR (universal newborn hearing screening[Title]) OR (Early Detection of hearing loss[Title]) OR (early detection deafness[Title]) OR (early hearing loss diagnosis[Title]) OR (early deafness diagnosis[Title]) OR (preschool screening[Title]) OR (pre-school screening[Title]) OR (child screening[Title]) OR (children screening[Title]) OR (childhood screening[Title]) OR (pediatric screening[Title]) |
#3 | (guideline[Publication Type]) OR (guidelines[Title]) OR (guideline[Title]) OR(Practice Guideline[Publication Type]) OR (Practice Guideline[Title]) OR (Practice Guidelines[Title]) OR (Guidelines as Topic[MeSH Terms]) OR (Health Planning Guidelines[MeSH Terms]) OR (Health Planning Guidelines[Title]) OR (Health Planning Guideline[Title]) OR (guidance[Title]) OR (consensus[MeSH Terms]) OR (Standard of Care[MeSH Terms]) OR (consensus[Title]) OR (criterion[Title]) OR (criterions[Title]) OR (recommendation[Title]) OR (recommendations[Title]) OR (standard[Title]) OR (standards[Title]) OR (strategy[Title]) OR (strategies[Title]) OR (criteria[Title]) OR (manual[Title]) OR (guidebook[Title]) OR (guidebooks[Title]) OR (guide[Title]) OR (guides[Title]) OR (handbook[Title]) OR (handbooks[Title]) OR (references[Title]) OR (reference[Title]) OR (referral[Title]) OR (referrals[Title]) |
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Data extraction and management
Quality appraisal
Domain | Number | Item |
---|---|---|
DOMAIN 1. SCOPE AND PURPOSE | 1 | The overall objective(s) of the guideline is (are) specifically described |
2 | The health question(s) covered by the guideline is (are) specifically described | |
3 | The population (patients, public, etc.) to whom the guideline is meant to apply is specifically described | |
DOMAIN 2. STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT | 4 | The guideline development group includes individuals from all relevant professional groups |
5 | The views and preferences of the target population (patients, public, etc.) have been sought | |
6 | The target users of the guideline are clearly defined | |
DOMAIN 3. RIGOR OF DEVELOPMENT | 7 | Systematic methods were used to search for evidence |
8 | The criteria for selecting the evidence are clearly described | |
9 | The criteria for selecting the evidence are clearly described | |
10 | The methods for formulating the recommendations are clearly described | |
11 | The health benefits, side effects, and risks have been considered in formulating the recommendations | |
12 | There is an explicit link between the recommendations and the supporting evidence | |
13 | The guideline has been externally reviewed by experts prior to its publication | |
14 | A procedure for updating the guideline is provided | |
DOMAIN 4. CLARITY OF PRESENTATION | 15 | The recommendations are specific and unambiguous |
16 | The different options for management of the condition or health issue are clearly presented | |
17 | Key recommendations are easily identifiable | |
DOMAIN 5. APPLICABILITY | 18 | The guideline describes facilitators and barriers to its application |
19 | The guideline provides advice and/or tools on how the recommendations can be put into practice | |
20 | The potential resource implications of applying the recommendations have been considered | |
21 | The guideline presents monitoring and/or auditing criteria | |
DOMAIN 6. EDITORIAL INDEPENDENCE | 22 | The views of the funding body have not influenced the content of the guideline |
23 | Competing interests of guideline development group members have been recorded and addressed | |
OVERALL GUIDELINE ASSESSMENT | 1 | Rate the overall quality of this guideline |
2 | I would recommend this guideline for use |
Data analysis
Results
Newborn hearing screening guidelines
Characteristics of newborn hearing screening guidelines
No | Country/region | Developer | Year | Title | Well-babies | NICU newborns | Initial screening coverage (%) | Referral rate to diagnosis (%) | Diagnosis time | Intervention time | Follow-up time for risk newborns | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First screening time | First screening technology | Rescreening time | Rescreening technology | With/without rescreening | Screening technology | ||||||||||
1 | America [19] | The Joint Committee on Infant Hearing | 2019 | Year 2019 Position Statement: Principles and Guidelines for Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Programs | Before discharge | OAE/AABR | Within 1 month | OAE/ AABR | Without | AABR | > 95 | / | Within 3 months | Within 6 months | Age of 9 months |
2 | Europe [20] | European Standards of Care for Newborn Health | 2018 | Hearing screening | During the first weeks of life | AABR | Within 1 month | AABR | Without | AABR | / | / | Within 3 months | Within 6 months | / |
3 | Germany [21] | Matula P et al | 2018 | The Newborn Hearing Screening Program in Germany | On the second or third day of life before discharge | OAE/AABR | / | AABR | Without | AABR | > 95 | < 4 | Within 3 months | Within 6 months | |
4 | South Africa [22] | The Health Professions Council of South Africa | 2018 | Professional Board for Speech Language and Hearing Professions: Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) | Before 1 month of age and within 6 weeks of age | OAE | Within 1 month after discharge, approximately 2.5 months of age | OAE | With | AABR | > 95 | < 5 | Before 3 months of age and within 4 months of age | Before 6 months of age and within 8 months of age | Age of 9 months |
5 | International [23] | Farinetti A et al | 2018 | International Consensus (ICON) on Audiological Assessment of Hearing Loss in Children | Before discharge | OAE | Within 1 month | OAE/AABR | / | AABR | > 95 | / | Within 3 months | Within 6 months | / |
6 | India [24] | Indian Academy of Pediatrics | 2017 | Consensus Statement of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics on Newborn Hearing Screening | 72 h after birth or on the day of discharge | OAE | Four weeks after first screening, or at 6 weeks on the first immunization visit | OAE | Without | ABR | / | / | Within 3 months | Within 6 months | / |
7 | Italy [25] | Berrettini S et al | 2017 | Newborn hearing screening protocol in the Tuscany region | 24 h after birth and before discharge | OAE | Within 1 month | AABR | Without | OAE + AABR | > 98 | / | Within 3 months | Within 6 months | Age of a year |
8 | England [3] | Public Health England | 2016 | NHS Newborn Hearing Screening Program: Standards 2016 to 2017 | 72 h after birth to 10 days of age | OAE | Within 4–5 weeks of age | / | / | AABR | 97 ~ 99.5 | 2.5–3 | Within 4 weeks of screen completion | Within 4 weeks of screen completion or by 44 weeks gestational age | / |
9 | New Zealand [26] | Ministry of Health | 2016 | Universal Newborn Hearing Screening and Early Intervention Program: National Policy and Quality Standards | / | OAE/AABR | Within 1 month | OAE/ AABR | Without | AABR | / | / | Within 3 months | Within 6 months | Age of 18 months |
10 | International [27] | IPOG | 2016 | IPOG Consensus Recommendations: Hearing loss in the Pediatric Patient | / | OAE/AABR | / | AABR | Without | OAE + AABR | / | / | / | / | / |
11 | Australia [28] | Neonatal Hearing Screening Working Group | 2013 | National Framework for Neonatal Hearing Screening | 24–72 h after birth and before discharge | OAE/AABR | 2 weeks after first screening, within 1 month of age | OAE/ AABR | Without | OAE + AABR | > 97 | < 4 | Two weeks after first screening within 3 months of corrected age | Within 3 months and no later than 6 months of age | Age of 1 year |
12 | Canada [29] | Canadian Paediatric Society | 2011 | Universal newborn hearing screening | / | OAE | Within 1 month | AABR | Without | AABR | / | 2–4 | Within 3 months | Within 6 months | / |
13 | China [30] | Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China | 2010 | Technical specifications for newborn hearing screening | 48 h after birth and before discharge | OAE/AABR | Within 42 days of age | OAE/AABR | Without | AABR | / | / | Within 3 months | Within 6 months | At least once every 6 months until the age of 3 years |
14 | Spain [31] | CODEPEH | 2010 | Early Hearing Detection and Intervention: 2010 CODEPEH Recommendation | Before the first month of life | OAE/AABR | Within 1 month | OAE/AABR | Without | OAE + AABR/AABR | > 95 | < 4 | Within 3 months | Within 6 months | 24–30 months of age |
15 | WHO [32] | WHO | 2010 | Newborn and infant hearing screening: current issues and guiding principles for action | / | OAE/AABR/others | Within 1 month | OAE/AABR/others | / | AABR | / | / | Within 3 months | Within 6 months | / |
General information of newborn hearing screening guidelines
Screening principle and time of newborn hearing screening guidelines
Screening protocols of newborn hearing screening guidelines
Screening quality indicators of newborn hearing screening guidelines
Childhood hearing screening guidelines
Characteristics of childhood hearing screening guidelines
No | Country/region | Developer | Year | Title | Screening populations | Screening technology | Rescreening/diagnosis | Key recommendations |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | England [33] | Audiology and Health | 2017 | Early identification of deafness in childhood (following newborn hearing screening) position statement | 4–7 years of age | / | / | 1. Data should be collected locally and nationally 2. Include local audit and clinical governance arrangements 3. Obtain parental consent before hearing screening |
2 | International [34] | World Health Organization | 2016 | Childhood Hearing Loss Strategies for prevention and care | Preschool– and school-aged children | / | / | Integrate ear and hearing screening in school health programs and develop links for provision of suitable medical, surgical, and rehabilitative care |
3 | America [8] | Hall JW | 2016 | Effective And Efficient Pre-School Hearing Screening: Essential For Successful Early Hearing Detection And Intervention (EHDI) | All pre-school children from the age of 6 months to 5 years | Include DPOAE, tympanometry, acoustic reflex for broadband noise signal, otoscopy, and pure tone hearing screening at 20 dB HL | Six months to 4 years Tympanometry, acoustic reflex for broadband noise signal, and otoscopy for secondary screening ≥ 4 years Tympanometry, acoustic reflex for broadband noise signal, and otoscopy for children who do not pass DPOAE 2. Pure tone hearing screening at 20 dB HL for children who have normal tympanograms | DPOAEs as the primary tool for hearing screening of all pre-school children from the age of 6 months to 5 years |
4 | China [12] | National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China | 2013 | The Technical Specification for Children's Ear and Hearing Care | 0–6 years of age | Include: Ear appearance examination, auditory behavioral observation, portable auditory assessment instrument, and OAE | Referral for diagnosis: 1. Positive results on any of the auditory behavioral observation method screening tools 2. Positive results on any of the audiological assessment instrument screening tools 3. Failure of OAE screening | 1. After hearing screening in the neonatal period, children aged 0–6 years are managed in the health care system 2. Ear and hearing care is provided in conjunction with health screening 3. The priority ages for hearing screening are 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of age |
5 | Europe [35] | Skarżyński H et al | 2012 | Screening for hearing problems in pre-school and school-age children: European Consensus Statement | All children aged 4–7 years | / | / | 1. Defining the role of pre-school and school screening programs in identifying and treating hearing problems; 2. Identifying the target population; 3. Recognizing the need for a quality control system in screening programs |
6 | America [11] | American Academy of Audiology | 2011 | Childhood Hearing Screening Guidelines | Pre-school; kindergarten; and grades 1, 3, 5 and either 7 or 9 | Include: pure tone screening, tympanometry, acoustic reflex and reflectometry, screening with Speech Stimuli Materials and OAEs | 1. Fail pure tone or OAE and tympanometry: Rescreening in 8–10 weeks 2. Fail pure tone only: no rescreening, do not wait for second-stage screening | Pure tone screening: 1. Perform a pure-tone sweep at 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz at 20 dB HL 2. Present a tone more than once but not more than four times if a child fails to respond 3. Only screen in an acoustically appropriate screening environment 4. Failure is indicated by a lack of response at any frequency in either ear Tympanometry screening: 1. Employ a second‐stage screening method after failure of pure tone or OAEs 2. Use defined tympanometry screening and referral criteria 3. The target should be young children |
General information of childhood hearing screening guidelines
Populations of childhood hearing screening guidelines
Screening technologies in childhood hearing screening guidelines
Quality assessment based on the AGREE II Score
Guideline | Domain 1 | Domain 2 | Domain 3 | Domain 4 | Domain 5 | Domain 6 | Overall Score (mean) | Recommend this guideline for use | ICC (95%CI) | F | P | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scope and purpose (%) | Stakeholder involvement (%) | Rigor of development (%) | Clarity of presentation (%) | Applicability (%) | Editorial independence (%) | Yes | Yes, with modifications | No | |||||
Newborn hearing screening | |||||||||||||
1.2019 America[19] | 90.74 | 66.67 | 73.61 | 96.30 | 87.50 | 100.00 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0.908 (0.832–0.955) | 30.941 | 0.000 |
2.2018 Europe [20] | 88.89 | 85.19 | 64.58 | 92.59 | 69.44 | 44.44 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0.923 (0.855–0.963) | 42.239 | 0.000 |
3.2018 Germany [21] | 87.04 | 51.85 | 64.58 | 100 | 76.39 | 72.22 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0.944 (0.895–0.973) | 50.317 | 0.000 |
4.2018 South Africa [22] | 83.33 | 70.37 | 72.22 | 96.30 | 95.83 | 27.78 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0.869 (0.738–0.939) | 26.254 | 0.000 |
5.2018ICON [23] | 88.89 | 66.67 | 77.78 | 98.15 | 70.83 | 69.44 | 4.67 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0.779 (0.616–0.888) | 13.003 | 0.000 |
6.2017 India [24] | 90.74 | 50.00 | 52.78 | 85.19 | 72.22 | 27.78 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0.858 (0.747–0.929) | 20.019 | 0.000 |
7.2017 Italy [25] | 85.19 | 57.41 | 59.03 | 94.44 | 83.33 | 94.44 | 4.33 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0.853 (0.739–0.926) | 18.952 | 0.000 |
8.2016England [3] | 90.74 | 62.96 | 72.22 | 100.00 | 80.56 | 44.44 | 6.67 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0.856 (0.741–0.928) | 20.337 | 0.000 |
9. 2016 New Zealand [26] | 94.44 | 72.22 | 77.78 | 100.00 | 97.22 | 36.11 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0.916 (0.845–0.959) | 32.517 | 0.000 |
10.2016IPOG [27] | 98.15 | 81.48 | 70.14 | 98.15 | 75.00 | 69.44 | 5.67 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0.838 (0.693–0.922) | 19.940 | 0.000 |
11.2013 Australia [28] | 94.44 | 74.07 | 78.47 | 100.00 | 97.22 | 33.33 | 6.67 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0.907 (0.831–0.955) | 29.970 | 0.000 |
12.2011 Canada [29] | 79.63 | 61.11 | 81.25 | 98.15 | 76.39 | 38.89 | 4.33 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0.815(0.679–0.906) | 14.631 | 0.000 |
13. 2010 China [30] | 85.19 | 74.07 | 70.83 | 100.00 | 90.28 | 36.11 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0.843 (0.691–0.910) | 18.513 | 0.000 |
14.2010 CODEPEH [31] | 83.33 | 72.22 | 70.83 | 10.00 | 94.44 | 61.11 | 5.33 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0.872 (0.732–0.941) | 28.226 | 0.000 |
15.2010 WHO [32] | 90.74 | 74.07 | 83.33 | 96.30 | 97.22 | 66.67 | 5.33 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0.911 (0.811–0.959) | 40.722 | 0.000 |
Average | 88.77 | 68.02 | 71.30 | 91.04 | 84.26 | 54.81 | 5.33 | ||||||
Childhood hearing screening | |||||||||||||
1.2017 England [33] | 68.52 | 55.56 | 61.81 | 83.33 | 59.72 | 33.33 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0.890 (0.801–0.946) | 24.636 | 0.000 |
2.2016 WHO [34] | 75.93 | 61.11 | 52.78 | 55.56 | 63.89 | 80.56 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0.819 (0.682–0.909) | 15.717 | 0.000 |
3. 2016 America [8] | 87.04 | 51.85 | 79.86 | 100.00 | 70.83 | 41.67 | 5.33 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0.843 (0.686–0.926) | 22.044 | 0.000 |
4. 2013 China [12] | 88.89 | 55.56 | 53.47 | 100.00 | 69.44 | 44.44 | 4.67 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0.865 (0.758–0.933) | 21.622 | 0.000 |
5. 2012 Europe [35] | 90.74 | 51.85 | 60.42 | 88.89 | 59.72 | 47.22 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0.840 (0.714–0.920) | 18.364 | 0.000 |
6. 2011 America [11] | 92.59 | 79.63 | 86.11 | 98.15 | 86.11 | 72.22 | 6.67 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0.873 (0.765–0.938) | 24.171 | 0.000 |
Average | 83.95 | 59.26 | 65.74 | 87.66 | 68.29 | 53.24 | 4.78 |